Solar cycle influence on troposphere and middle atmosphere via ozone layer in the presence of planetary waves: Simulation with ARM

Abstract

Global circulation model of the Troposphere‐Middle Atmosphere‐Lower Thermosphere ARM (Atmospheric Research Model) is used to simulate the thermal and wind response to solar cycle‐induced UV variations. ARM covers altitudes from 1 to 135 km and has corresponding spatial resolution: 1 km in altitude; 11.25° in longitude; 5° in latitude. Internal Gravity Waves parameterization and planetary waves (PWs) structure on the basis of observations are determined at the lower boundary of the model. Changes in UV radiation, which is absorbed by ozone and molecular oxygen, are introduced into the model to find the corresponding global wind and temperature response. Stationary PWs with zonal wave numbers 1–3 are included at lower boundary in model runs. The simulations show that atmospheric response to solar cycle has a visible nonzonal character with the amplitude of about 5 K in the troposphere for the winter season. The effect is rather smaller for summer due to the trapping PWs at lower altitudes. So, in accordance with the results of simulations, the link between the solar UV variability and the middle and low atmosphere strongly depends on the ozone and PWs activity.

Long‐Term Variability and Tendencies in Middle Atmosphere Temperature and Zonal Wind From WACCM6 Simulations During 1850–2014

“…For middle atmosphere trend studies, numerical models are used in two ways: analyzing output from simulations that include all forcing known or expected to be important (e.g., Garcia et al, 2007, and references therein; Garcia et al, 2016, 2019; Krivolutsky et al, 2015; Li et al, 2013; Lübken et al, 2013; Marsh et al, 2013; Qian et al, 2019; Schmidt et al, 2013) or completing simulations with and without a particular forcing included in order to determine how the simulations differ (e.g., Chiodo et al, 2014).…”