Solid lipid nanoparticles as an effective sodium aescinate delivery system: formulation and anti-inflammatory activity

Abstract

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to encapsulate sodium aescinate (SA) were prepared by a double emulsion (DE) technique. SLNs were optimized by orthogonal and Box–Behnken designs. SLNs – SA presented a higher anti-inflammatory activity than free SA.

Targeted Nanocarriers for Systemic Delivery of IRAK4 Inhibitors to Inflamed Tissues

“…[ 39,40 ] In the majority of the reports employing the λ‐carrageenan‐induced paw edema model, the therapeutic efficacy of anti‐inflammatory drugs is assessed within the initial 5–6‐h period following λ‐carrageenan administration into the paw. [ 39–42 ] This practice likely stems from the observation that an injection of λ‐carrageenan in the mouse paw elicits a biphasic response, with an early inflammatory reaction lasting for approximately 6 h. [ 43 ] Of note, our drug release profile demonstrates that the developed nanocarriers released 40% of the IRAK4 inhibitor within the first 6 hours (Figure S2, Supporting Information). At the 6‐h mark, the paw thickness of mice treated with VCAM1‐IRAK4 NCs exhibited only a 5% increase in comparison to the initial thickness of the same paw prior to inflammation (Figure 5b).…”

“…[39,40] In the majority of the reports employing the 𝜆carrageenan-induced paw edema model, the therapeutic efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs is assessed within the initial 5-6-h period following 𝜆-carrageenan administration into the paw. [39][40][41][42] This practice likely stems from the observation that an injection of 𝜆-carrageenan in the mouse paw elicits a biphasic response, with an early inflammatory reaction lasting for approximately 6 h. [43] Of note, our drug release profile demonstrates that the developed nanocarriers released 40% of the IRAK4 inhibitor within the first 6 hours (Figure S2, Supporting Information). At the 6h mark, the paw thickness of mice treated with VCAM1-IRAK4 NCs exhibited only a 5% increase in comparison to the initial thickness of the same paw prior to inflammation (Figure 5b).…”

Chiral Supramolecular Hydrogel Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Sodium Aescinate to Modulate M1 Macrophage Polarization Against Lymphedema

“…It was found that other saponins also existed in a similar amorphous form. [ 54 , 55 , 56 ] However, this amorphous state may raise concerns about the stability of the preparation process and long‐term storage. SA is available in a variety of therapeutic forms (e.g., oral tablets, injections), and hydrogels have been prepared in this study by a facile heating‐cooling method.…”

“…[ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ] Previous research has found that SA can help decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), [ 15 ] which are effector cytokines of M1 macrophages. Nevertheless, conventional administration routes of SA are associated with numerous drawbacks, [ 16 , 17 ] including severe toxic side effects and short metabolic cycles. [ 18 , 19 , 20 ] Thus, to prove and achieve better therapeutic effects, an alternative route for delivering SA to specific sites is needed.…”

Selective induction of apoptotic cell death in lung carcinoma cells by curcumin-loaded PEGylated lipid nanoparticles with minimal normal tissue toxicity: in vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation by oral delivery

“…% EE and % LC are significant parameters in nanoformulations because of their dose rate-related parameters to avoid any unwanted side effects and long-term stability under biological conditions. 47,48 The EE and LC of CSLNs were measured using the centrifugation method, followed by concentration estimation using the UV-Vis method, as mentioned earlier. The drug-loading capacity and encapsulation efficiencies of CSLNs were found to be around 22.8% and 86.5%, respectively (Fig.…”