Bismuth-based semiconductors are
promising candidates for applications
in photocatalysis, photodetection, solar cells, etc. BiSI in particular
is attracting attention. It has anisotropic optoelectronic properties
and comprises relatively abundant elements. However, the synthesis
of this ternary compound presents several challenges. Here, we delve
into the underlying chemical processes that lead to the crystal growth
of BiSI nanorods and optimize a solution-based synthesis. The mechanism
of formation of BiSI nanocrystals is the self-sacrifice of Bi2S3 nanostructures, which also act as templates.
The crystallographic similarities between the chalcogenide and the
chalcohalide allow for the solid state transformation from one to
the other. However, there is also a synergy with the I3
– species formed in the reaction media needed to
obtain BiSI. Our method makes use of a green solvent, avoids complicated
media, and drastically reduces the reaction time compared to other
methods. The obtained nanorods present a band gap of 1.6 eV, in accordance
with the reported values. This work presents insight into the chemistry
of bismuth-based semiconductors, while introducing an easy, green,
and scalable synthesis of a promising material, which could also be
applied to similar compounds and other chalcoiodides, such as SbSI.
In addition, the optical properties of the BiSI nanorods show their
potential in photovoltaic applications.