Solubility of β-carotene and oleic acid in dense CO2 and data correlation by a density based model

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Palm Carotenoids

“…The total reaction entalphy, ∆H, found in the present study was in the same order of magnitude with that reported by Sakaki [12] and Škerget et al [13] . Only a slight deviation in the total reaction entalphy was observed.…”

“…However, the use of density to describe the solubility of solute is valid at a constant temperature or a constant pressure. Škerget et al [13] 5.47 6287.9 -15.43 5.2x10 4 Güçlü-Üstünda and Temelli [30] 7.2 -8844.3 -26.8 NA Subra et al [17] (37°C)…”

“…However, most of the published data involved the use of synthetic β−carotene as the starting material [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . It has been reported that discrepancies in solubility data measurements can be due to numerous factors including degradation of carotenoids [19,20] , purity of starting material [18] and method of measurement [17] .…”

Prediction of solubility of biomolecules in supercritical solvents

“…Three of the equations of state used along with the fugacity coe cients are listed in Table 1. The critical properties of the compounds involved are Wong and Johnston (1986) Pure gas circulation Expansion into a sample loop Chromatographic Yun et al (1991) Pure gas circulation Expansion into a cold trap Gravimetric Kosal et al (1992) Pure gas circulation Expansion into a cold trap Chromatographic Singh et al (1993) Pure gas circulation Expansion into a cold trap Gravimetric ÿ-carotene Chang and Randolph (1989) Pure gas circulation Fast expansion into a heated glass Gravimetric Cygnarowicz et al (1990) Gas phase recirculation Recirculation UV; on line Sakaki (1992) Pure gas circulation Expansion into a sample loop Chromatographic Skerget et al (1995) Static Expansion into a cold trap d Spectrophotometric Johannsen and Brunner (1997) Static Fast expansion into a gas ow leading to GC Chromatographic Subra et al (1997) Gas phase recirculation Recirculation Chromatographic; on line a According to Fornari et al (1990). b According to Dieter and Schneider (1986).…”

“…As an example, cholesterol can be removed from food products using supercritical solvents resulting in minimal protein degradation (Chao et al, 1991). Valuable thermal-labile compounds, such as ÿ-carotene can also be extracted using supercritical solvents without any degradation observed (Skerget, Knez, & Habulin, 1995). Carbon dioxide is the most widely used gas as the supercritical solvent because it is nontoxic, non ammable, inexpensive, abundantly available, and has low critical temperature (Schulz et al, 1991).…”