Some aspects of the seasonal variation of carbon dioxide and ozone

Junge, Christian; Czeplak, Gerhard

doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1968.tb00383.x

Cited by 37 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Modeling tropospheric ozone has been hindered by the lack of sufficient data to represent the bulk of the reservoir and by complexities of mixing and destructive processes near the ground. The data we present can reasonably be construed to support the models of tropospheric ozone presented by Junge and Czeplak [1968] and Fabian [1973], which treat the gas as a semiconservative tracer which is injected at high latitudes and altitudes and which is transported southward to eventual sinks at the surface. These data, however, show that the tropics and subtropics may behave with unexpected complexity.…”

Section: Transport Processessupporting

confidence: 81%

Tropospheric ozone: 2. Variations along a meridional band

Chatfield¹,

Harrison²

1977

J. Geophys. Res.

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We present summaries of 703 previously unanalyzed ozonesonde launches at six stations distributed along a meridional band near 75øW between 9 ø and 53øN. Altitude and seasonal variations are examined to assist understanding the patterns and relative roles of injection, transport, loss, and synthesis of ozone in the middle troposphere. By comparison with other North American stations we conclude that a longitudinal gradient of 10-20% is likely, increasing eastward. The data are generally consistent with conventional understanding of tropospheric ozone in terms of increased injection from the stratosphere during spring at high latitudes, southward transport with molecular lifetimes of several months, and a principal sink at the ground, but details of the altitude and seasonal behavior can be interpreted ambiguously as evidence either for shorter-scale transport or for ozone synthesis within the troposphere. LONGITUDINAL VARIATIONSSince zonal circulations and mixing along the lines of latitude are, in general, more rapid and efficient than meridional circulations and mixing along the longitude circles, it is plausible to expect an approximate zonal symmetry for tropospheric ozone, providing that its lifetime in the troposphere is longer than or comparable to the zonal circulation time of about Paper number 7C0490. 5969

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Section: Transport Processessupporting

confidence: 81%

Tropospheric ozone: 2. Variations along a meridional band

Chatfield¹,

Harrison²

1977

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Bolin & Keeling (1963) presented global CO, data and recently a further attempt to model the observations has been made by Junge & Czeplak (1968). One interesting aspect of the observations is the phase change of the monthly maximum with the latitude of the maxima occurring in May a t 50" N, July at the equator and August a t 90" S. If the phase delay reflects interhemispheric exchange as suggested by the above investigators then the rapid transfer in the northern hemisphere summer is seen to be compatible with the reinforcement of mean and eddy motions a t the same time as already noted.…”

Section: Comparison With Trace Substance Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interhemispheric mass exchange from meteorological and trace substance observations

Newell¹,

Kidson²

1969

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

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Two mechanisms contribute to interhemispheric mass exchange: large scale eddy transfer and mean meridional circulations. Estimates of both are presented based on data from a recently completed study of the general circulation of the tropics. The long term interhemispheric exchenge time is found to be about 320 days. It is suggested that when eddy processes reinforce the transfer by mean meridional circulations in the upper troposphere in late spring and summer much faster exchange rates may occur which may be responsible for an apparent anomaly in the seasonal variation of surface ozone in the southern hemisphere. Finally the interhemispheric mass flux is compared with a crude estimate of the tropospheric-stratospheric mass flux bawd on the same tropical data.

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“…Machta [1974] reports an early attempt to adapt such a model to the dispersion of atmospheric CO2. Because Machta coded the atmospheric eddy transport in a detailed manner based on meteorological data, his approach, as in the case of .lunge and Czeplak [1968], was to predict the CO2 distribution as a function of prescribed oceanic and biospheric sources and sinks for a given atmospheric transport simulation. Future studies of the atmospheric CO2 distribution in relation to sources and sinks will almost surely emphasize the use of multidimensional models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meridional eddy diffusion model of the transport of atmospheric carbon dioxide: 1. Seasonal carbon cycle over the tropical Pacific Ocean

Heimann¹,

Keeling²

1986

J. Geophys. Res.

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An extensive set of atmospheric CO2 observations were obtained during the First Global Geophysical Experiment (FGGE) Hawaii to Tahiti Shuttle expedition of 1979–1980. These data have been examined using a one-dimensional meridional diffusive transport model of the atmospheric circulation. The observed CO2 concentration field was first decomposed into three parts: a seasonal component consisting of two harmonic functions of time, with periods of 1 year and 6 months; a mean annual north-south concentration profile; and a linear trend with time, independent of latitude. In the first of two papers interpreting these data, we consider which features of the north-south eddy transport are revealed by the seasonal component of the CO2 concentration field. We assume that the FGGE data represent a zonally and vertically uniform CO2 field, and we restrict our analysis to the latitude belt between 14.5°N and 14.5°S, where seasonal sources and sinks of CO2 have minimal influence on the atmospheric CO2 concentration. The strongest feature of the CO2 data for calibrating the model is the steadily diminishing amplitude of the annual harmonic from north to south. We show that in the absence of sources and sinks the magnitude of the eddy diffusion coefficient as a function of latitude can be prescribed from this amplitude, provided that two additional quantities are specified at a single reference location. These additional quantities are the amplitude of the first harmonic of the seasonal flux and the phase difference between that harmonic and the first harmonic of the local concentration signal. Selecting 14.5°S for this reference location, we find through comparisons of the model prediction with the FGGE CO2 data that the diffusion coefficient depends primarily on the selected amplitude of the seasonal flux and is practically independent of the phase difference. On the basis of the goodness of fit of the model predictions to the CO2 data, we set a lower limit on this flux amplitude, corresponding to an average eddy diffusion coefficient of 4.6 × 109 cm2 s−1. This is equivalent to an upper limit of 1.4 years on the interhemispheric exchange time for CO2. We are unable to set an upper limit on the diffusion coefficient because the phasing of the first harmonic in the FGGE data shifts so slightly with latitude that even very large diffusion coefficients yield satisfactory model predictions of the seasonal CO2 concentration field. The relative variation in the diffusion coefficient with latitude, which is derived solely from the amplitude of the first harmonic of the CO2 data, reveals two zones of resistance to interhemispheric CO2 exchange. One, near 8°N, corresponds to the well-known intertropical convergence zone of the wind field which exists around the entire earth. The second, near 8°S, correlates with a weaker wind convergence zone in the central Pacific. This regional feature evidently affects the CO2 concentration field in the vicinity of the FGGE data set, but it may not represent a global feature

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Some aspects of the seasonal variation of carbon dioxide and ozone

Cited by 37 publications

References 14 publications

Tropospheric ozone: 2. Variations along a meridional band

Tropospheric ozone: 2. Variations along a meridional band

Interhemispheric mass exchange from meteorological and trace substance observations

Meridional eddy diffusion model of the transport of atmospheric carbon dioxide: 1. Seasonal carbon cycle over the tropical Pacific Ocean

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