Some features of water vapor mixing ratio in tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: Role of convection

Panwar, Vivek; Jain, A. R.; Goel, Anita; Mandal, T. K.; Rao, V. R.; Dhaka, S. K.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.02.003

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Water vapor is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes 50–75% to the total greenhouse effect (Ravishankara, ). Water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) has especially important effects on Earth's climate (e.g., Hanisco et al, ; Hegglin et al, ; Luo et al, ; Panwar et al, ; Shindell, ; Stuber et al, ; Su et al, ; Zahn et al, ). Enhanced stratospheric water vapor has been related to a cooler stratosphere and conversely a warmer troposphere (Forster & Shine, ; Solomon et al, ) by warming the Earth's surface through its effects on radiation fluxes (both shortwave and longwave; Forster & Shine, ; Solomon et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulations of Vertical Water Vapor Transport for TC Ingrid (2013)

2018

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Vertical water vapor transport is examined for tropical cyclone (TC) Ingrid (2013), a Category 1 storm in the Gulf of Mexico that contained deep convection, including numerous overshooting tops. The study employs high-resolution numerical simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with a smallest grid spacing of 1.33 km and a model top of 10 hPa (~31 km) that extends into the lower stratosphere. Area-averaged values of vertical motion, water vapor content, its temporal change, and vertical water vapor transport are presented for Ingrid as a whole and for individual regions of the storm. Results show that area-averaged hydration in the layer~1-14.5 km between the start and end of the simulation (4.75 days) is due to upward convective transport. Observed overshooting convection is simulated, revealing intense vertical motions that transport large quantities of vapor and ice to the lower stratosphere. Greatest dehydration occurs in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere between 14.5 and 17.5 km. This layer is found to be supersaturated with respect to ice. This apparently caused water vapor to deposit on the convectively lofted ice, allowing it to then grow and sediment out of the layer, thus producing dehydration. Conversely, hydration occurred between 17.5 and 21 km due in part to that layer being subsaturated with respect to ice. Overall, the study highlights the important role TCs and their embedded overshooting convection play in transporting water vapor to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulations of Vertical Water Vapor Transport for TC Ingrid (2013)

2018

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“…upper troposphere. Low OLR, which is a proxy for convective activities, is also observed during June to September over this region (Panwar et al, ; Jain et al , ). This confirms that the convection is active during the monsoon period and hydration of the upper troposphere and cloud occurrence in this region is associated with convection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…top of Hadley cell. In this connection, it may be mentioned here that recent studies over the Tropics during Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer monsoon season have also suggested that the Asian monsoon plays an important role in hydrating the lower stratosphere (Bannister et al, 2004;James et al, 2008;Panwar et al, 2012, Jain et al, 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Impact of monsoon‐associated deep‐penetrating clouds on the hydration of the tropical upper troposphere

Jain

Mandal

2014

Atmospheric Science Letters

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This paper examines the relationship between water vapor mixing ratio (WVMR) and cloud top height (CTH) in the tropical upper troposphere. The region of high WVMR and CTH is collocated and observed over the core convective region. WVMR over South Asia shows significant correlation with CTH. Increase in CTH is observed during the moist phase of water vapor followed by a decrease in CTH during the dry phase. Daily CTH data show that some convective turrets reach above 150 hPa. Present analysis shows that moistening of upper troposphere occurs during the monsoon period when CTH is greater than 7 km.

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“…However, no systematic attempts were made earlier to investigate its role at sub-daily scales over the Indian region (except a few studies like Mehta et al, 2008) despite the Indian region being one of the potential source regions for much of the air entering into the lower stratosphere (Highwood and Hoskins, 1998). Several other complex processes are also active through the unique weather conditions associated with the Indian Summer Monsoon dynamics (e.g., Vernier et al, 2009;Nishi et al, 2010;Jain et al, 2011;Panwar et al, 2012). Recent studies (Jain et al, 2013) have shown that convection over the Asian region is very deep and covers a larger geographical area as compared to the African and American summer monsoon regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%