Some investigations on the clinical and biochemical alterations associated with dizinon toxicity in Clarias gariepinus

Abstract

iazinon is widely and effectively used in agriculture as well as in domestic and aquaculture aspects. As a result of its widespread application, its ecotoxicity study is needed to determine its effects on the aquatic organisms and its potential impact as an environmental contaminant. In this study, the half lethal concentration (LC 50) of diazinon for Clarias gariepinus was calculated. Diazinon toxicity was evaluated through acute and chronic exposures of fish to 1/2 and 1/10 the calculated LC 50 for 1w & 6 w respectively. Results showed that the LC 50 /96h was 5.98 ppm. The effects of both acute and chronic exposures revealed clinical abnormalities in the form of nervous and respiratory disorders manifested by erratic swimming and/or circling, rapid opercular movements and abnormal skin pigmentation that appeared in the form of skin fading. A significant increase in cortisol, glucose, AST & ALT activities, urea, uric acid, creatinine and serum Ca ++ levels were recorded. Furthermore, diazinon exposures were associated with an inhibition of cholinesterase activity, a decrease in total protein concentration in serum with a reduction in both albumin and globulin. This study declared that diazinon is an extremely toxic organophosphate pesticide for C. gariepinus, its improper application often results in contamination of the environment and consequently in deleterious health effects. So, strict precautions should be followed.

Ameliorative Effects of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> on Deltamethrin-Induced Biochemical Alterations and Oxidative Stress in the African Catfish; <i>Clarias gariepinus</i>

“…The reduction of total serum protein and albumin at both concentrations of DM could be attributed to adjustment of the fish to its new environmental circumstances as a result of stress response [51]. Similar results were recorded after exposed C. gariepinus to diazinon and DM, respectively [46] [47]. In contrary, Velíšek et al [52] estimated a significant increase in total protein and albumin in rainbow trout.…”

“…The determined 96 h LC 50 of DM was 0.38 mg/l for Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (L. rohita) [43], 0.0142 mg/l for the freshwater fish, Puntius chrysopterus (P. chrysopterus) [44], 0.7 µg/l for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (O. mykiss) [2], 14.6 µg/l for Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) (monosex type) [45]. Studying the biochemical parameters of exposed fish, may be among the more sensitive indicators of early changes due to the hazardous exposure to insecticides [46]. The tested catfish exposed to DM pesticide showed a significantly (P < 0.05) increased serum AST, ALT and ALP activities.…”

“…Also, the elevation in creatinine level may result from oxidative damage [50]. Proteins are the most essential macromolecules in living beings, which play a vital role in architecture and physiology of the cell and in cellular metabolism [46]. The reduction of total serum protein and albumin at both concentrations of DM could be attributed to adjustment of the fish to its new environmental circumstances as a result of stress response [51].…”

Toxicity bioassay and sub-lethal effects of diazinon on blood profile and histology of liver, gills and kidney of catfish, Clarias gariepinus

“…Similar to other insecticides, the toxic effects of diazinon is also caused probably by affecting the activity of different enzymes (Fulton and Key, 2001;Oruç and Usta, 2007). The recent and notable work published on the effects of diazinon on various aspects of fish are those of Dutta and Meijer (2003); Aydin and Köprücü (2005); Lecoeur et al (2006); Uner et al 2006);Girón-Pérez et al (2007); Adedeji et al (2008); Bakhshwan et al (2009); Inyang et al (2010); Ahmad (2012); Soyingbe et al 2012; Adebayo et al (2013) and Ola-Davies et al (2015).…”

Chronic Exposure to No-Effect Concentration of Diazinon Induced Histological Lesions in Organs of &lt;i&gt;Clarias&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;gariepinus&lt;/i&gt;

“…[13]; immunotoxicity and hepatic function evaluation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus [14]; on acute toxicity of African catfish [15]; on the clinical and biochemical alterations associated with toxicity in Clarias gariepinus. [16]; on total protein and transaminase activities in Clarias gariepinus [17]; sublethal concentrations on total protein in tilapia fish (Oreochromis Niloticus) [18]; toxicological effect on African catfish (Clarias anguillaris) [19]; induced clastogenity and pathological changes in ovaries and testes of Clarias gariepinus [20] and on blood profile, histology of liver, gills and kidney of catfish, Clarias gariepinus [21].…”