Some mineral constituents of Parasol Mushroom (Macrolepiota procera)

Abstract

This article reports background concentrations of Ag, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, Hg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sr, Se, Tl, V and Zn in caps and stalks of M. procera collected from four spatially distant sites across Poland. The elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) or a cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS). Copper, zinc, rubidium, selenium, chromium and cobalt were the most abundant amongst elements determined in this mushroom. Some elements (Cu, Zn, Rb, Se, Pb, Hg, Cd, Mo) occurred at greater concentrations in the caps than stalks of M. procera and some (Ag, Ba, Sr, V, Tl) dominated in the stalks, while for some other this proportion was similar or varied (Mn, Cr, Co, Ga, Sb, Cs) depending on the sampling site. For elements such as copper, zinc, rubidium as well as selenium some spatial similarity in distribution and/or concentration values both in caps and stalks was noted. Cadmium and lead content in caps of M. procera was usually below the European Union tolerance limit value of 2.0 and 3.0 microg/g dw set for cultivated mushrooms, respectively. These two toxic metals have been found in elevated concentration in M. procera from unpolluted stands outside of Poland as reported by some authors, which implies the possibility of relatively high background levels in this species.

Trace metal levels in edible wild fungi

“…To warn about the hazardous effects of heavy metals such as Cd, Hg and Pb, a great effort has been made to evaluate the possible danger for human health from ingestion of fungi (Brzostowski et al 2011;Skrbic et al 2012). This would suggest that fungi possess a very effective mechanism that enables them to uptake some trace elements from the substrate (Falandysz et al 2008;Jarzynska et al 2011). …”

“…There are some researches about uptake of heavy metals by fungi in urban lands and ruderals in Turkey and other countries (Lepsova and Mejestrik 1988;Kojo and Lodenius 1989;Mandic et al 1992;Sesli and Tuzen 1999;Svoboda et al 2000;Isiloglu et al 2001a, b;Demirbas 2002;Soylak et al 2005;Tuzen et al 2003;Konuk et al 2007;Falandysz et al 2008;Jarzynska et al 2011;Skrbic et al 2012). The samples collected in some of these studies have used ruderals as control group with the assumption that these are unpolluted.…”

Mineral Constituents of Edible Field Parasol (Macrolepiota procera) Mushrooms and the Underlying Substrate from Upland Regions of Poland: Bioconcentration Potential, Intake Benefits, and Toxicological Risk

“…• Boletus spp., or the bay bolete (Imleria badia) • Yellow-cracked bolete (Boletus subtomentosus) and golden bolete (Xerocomellus chrysenteron); Boletus spp., and in majority the king bolete (Boletus edulis) • Common chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) [10] Mushrooms, especially wild grown mushrooms and the edible species in particular, have been reported to be rich in mineral constituents as well as in some toxic metals [11][12][13][14][15][16]. As such, mushroom studies have shown that some mushroom species are rich sources of essential trace elements.…”

Acumulación de selenio en setas silvestres comestibles: captación y toxicidad Selenium accumulation in wild edible mushrooms: uptake and toxicity

“…El estudio de las interacciones entre metales pesados y hongos estaḿ otivado, entre otras cosas, por la ubicuidad y presencia de los hongos en ha´bitat contaminados, asıć omo por la captacio´n y traslocacio´n de metales pesados a los carpo´foros (setas) de macromicetos comestibles, por sus repercusiones sanitarias y ecotoxicolo´gicas, incluso por sus posibles aplicaciones biotecnolo´gicas derivadas de la capacidad de algunos hongos para captar y fijar metales (Quinche, 1987;Gadd, 1993;Melgar, Alonso, Pe´rez-Lo´pez, & Garcı´a, 1998;Alonso, Salgado, Garcı´a, & Melgar, 2000;Zaichick, 2002;Alonso, Garcı´a, Pe´rez-Lo´pez, & Melgar, 2003, 2004Jonnalagadda, Pienaar, & Haripersad, 2006;Yamac, Yildiz, Sarikurkcu, Celikkollu, & Solak, 2007;Falandysz et al, 2008aFalandysz et al, , 2008b.…”