Some problems in storing renewable energy

Trainer, Ted

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.07.061

Cited by 70 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In contrast, solar photovoltaic (13%) and wind turbines (17%) are characterized by low CDP due to the low efficiency of wind and solar resource transformation into electricity [71][72][73], which is strongly dependent on the technological parameters (wind speed, photovoltaic panel surface area and materials, direct solar radiation, etc.). One of the main inconveniences of non-conventional renewable energy resources is the intermittency problems [74,75], which could carry out the instability of the energetic supply.…”

Section: Water-energy-land Nexus Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Water–Energy–Land Nexus (WELN) Using Exergy-Based Indicators: The Chilean Electricity System Case

2019

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The competition and interlinkages between energy, water, and land resources are increasing globally and are exacerbated by climate change and a rapid increase in the world population. The nexus concept has emerged for a comprehensive understanding related to the management and efficiency of resource use. This paper assesses water-energy-land nexus (WELN) efficiency through integration of the principles of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and exergy analysis, using the Chilean energy sector (CES) as a study case. The cumulative exergy consumption (CExC) and cumulative degree of perfection (CDP) are used as indicators for WELN efficiency. The results show the production of 1 MWh of electricity required 17.3 GJ ex , with the energy component of WELN (fossil and renewable energy sources) being the main contributor (99%). Furthermore, the renewable energy technologies depicted higher CDP of the water-energy-land nexus due to lower CExC and higher technology efficiency concerning non-renewables. The water and land resources contributed slightly to total exergy flow due to low quality in comparison with the energy component. Nevertheless, water availability and competition for land occupation constitute important issues for reducing environmental pressures and local conflicts. This study demonstrated the feasibility of exergy analysis for the evaluation of WELN efficiency through a single indicator, which could facilitate the comparison and integration with different processes and multi-scales.Energies 2020, 13, 42 2 of 20The nexus concept is an systematic approach for improvement of resource management, which can reach high degrees of complexity depending on scales and processes [9]. Consequently, different qualitative and quantitative methods for conceptualizing the relationship between natural resources have been proposed. Ringler et al.[10] developed a comprehensive qualitative framework for assessing the water, energy, land and food nexus (WELF), highlighting the relevance of land in the nexus. Nevertheless, the authors did not provide methods for the WELN-nexus evaluation. Siciliano et al. [11] have recently reported on the effect of large scale farm investment in the European Union on the water-energy-land-food (WELF) nexus, using indicators related to resource availability, scarcity and access. Although the authors describe several interlinkages between the resources, the quantitative evaluation of the nexus is not clearly highlighted. Karabulut et al. [12] studied the ecosystem-water-food-land-energy (WFLE) nexus by considering the ecosystem as the main issue within this nexus. The authors highlightsthe relationship between interventions and environmental impacts. In this case, the nexus evaluation is qualitative, and the matrix proposed can be adapted to different scales to investigate the trade-offs, synergies and antagonisms.Different approaches have been used to quantitatively evaluate the WELN. Silalertruska and Gheewala [13] carried out the evaluation of the WELN of sugarcane production in Thailand, using wat...

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Section: Water-energy-land Nexus Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Water–Energy–Land Nexus (WELN) Using Exergy-Based Indicators: The Chilean Electricity System Case

2019

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“…To overcome some of these constraints there is a growing interest in supercapacitors and electrochemical batteries (hybrid energy storage system) for grid supporting applications [21]. But, the market is waiting for improvements in volumetric capacity of energy storage and it is unlikely that these improvements will materialise in the required timeframe [22]. Therefore, alternative mid to long-term solutions that contribute to the stability of the grid are required.…”

Section: State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the use of thermal inertia in building stock to leverage decentralised demand side frequency regulation services

Williams

Short

Crosbie

2018

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Most governments are applying financial instruments and other polices to encourage distributed renewable electricity generation (DREG). DREG is less predictable and more volatile than traditional forms of energy generation. Closure of larger fossil-fuelled power plants and rising share of DREG is reducing system inertia on energy networks such that new methods of demand response are required. Usually participation in non-dynamic frequency response is reactive, affecting the duty cycle of thermostatically controlled loads. However, this can adversely affect building thermal efficiency. The research presented takes a proactive approach to demand response employing heat transfer dynamics. Here, thermal dynamics exhibit a significantly larger inertia than electrical power consumption. Thus, short-term fluctuations in energy use should have less effect on temperature regulation and user comfort in buildings than existing balancing services. A prototype frequency sensor and control unit for proactive demand response in building stock is developed. The paper reports on hardware-in-the-loop simulations, testing real thermal loads within a simulated power network. The instrumented approach adopted enables accurate real-time electrical frequency measurement, while the control method offers effective demand response, which suggest the feasibility of using decentralised frequency control regulation as a novel approach to existing demand response mechanisms. Keywords Frequency regulation; decentralised control; demand response. Nomenclature transport delay, s load damping constant, s Δ frequency deviation, Hz inertia time constant, s TCL controller integral gain ALFC secondary loop gain, p.u. MW/Hz s ℎ thermal load gain TCL controller proportional gain Δ step change in power demand, p.u. Δ change in hydraulic amplifier output Δ ℎ electrical power deviation, p.u. Δ change in turbine power output regulator, Hz/p.u. MW Δ temperature deviation, p.u. governor time constant, s ℎ thermal load time constant, s turbine time constant, s ̅ sample mean number of entries sample standard deviation standard error standardized test statistic

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“…Improved storage facilities will also help the RESs to address transmission issues that result from geographical challenges and easing availability for consumers. In these grids, generally, supercapacitors are used for short-term storage, which runs is considered to be about a few microseconds, while batteries are used for long-term storage [18]. Figure 1 As the renewable power generation grows up, it will ultimately overwhelm the ability of conventional power sources to compensate the variability of RESs, and require the capture of electricity generated by wind, solar PV and other renewables for later use [20].…”

Section: Integration Of Energy Storage With Renewable Energy Sources mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of storage techniques for a grid with renewable energy sources

Salkuti

Jung

2018

IJET

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This paper presents the comparative analysis of different energy storage techniques used in the utility grid connected with the renewable energy sources (RESs). Energy storage is required to match the demand and supply of energy. However, with the integration of RESs to the grid increases the mismatch between the supply and demand due to the intermittence of RESs. In this paper, it is shown that the energy stor-age systems provide a better solution to the integration of different RESs to the existing grid. The energy storage systems are the key com-ponents for replacing the conventional fossil fuel plants with RESs. It is hard to evaluate the different types of energy storage techniques between themselves due to the fact that each technology could be used in a different way and are more like compliments. Further, research needs to be done on storage techniques to continue to increase the benefits while reducing the associated costs. The energy storage tech-niques show great potential to help the RESs and smart grid to meet the world’s growing energy demand. This paper has presented the comparative analysis of various energy storage systems in terms of their design, cost, geographical location, advantages and disadvantages.

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Some problems in storing renewable energy

Cited by 70 publications

References 21 publications

Evaluation of the Water–Energy–Land Nexus (WELN) Using Exergy-Based Indicators: The Chilean Electricity System Case

Evaluation of the Water–Energy–Land Nexus (WELN) Using Exergy-Based Indicators: The Chilean Electricity System Case

On the use of thermal inertia in building stock to leverage decentralised demand side frequency regulation services

Comparative analysis of storage techniques for a grid with renewable energy sources

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