Sonication Dispensing of Pollen from Solanum laciniatum Flowers

King, M. J.; Buchmann, Stephen L.

doi:10.2307/2389937

Cited by 84 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[31]). Those studies reported values of natural frequencies in the range f n 10 -100 Hz, damping ratios of order j 0.1 and flexural rigidities of order EI 10 27 Nm 2 [26,[32][33][34], which is a broader range of f n , and larger values of j and EI than we determined for the wind-pollinated P. lanceolata. Based on these differences, we propose that lower values of stamen j and EI, which would maximize acceleration amplitudes, should be more common in wind-pollinated angiosperms using the resonant vibration pollen release mechanism compared with those of animalpollinated species.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

“…pollen glues such as pollenkitt), more typical of animalpollinated plants, play a role in the rate of pollen release in P. lanceolata. Similarly, multiple bursts of pollen from stamens were found in the buzz-pollinated Actinidia deliciosa [33,35] due to intra-anther variation in the distribution of pollen glues, as well as the severance of interstitial bridges of pollen glue during vibration [32]. Conversely, given that most species release pollen or spores during dry weather (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Turbulence-induced resonance vibrations cause pollen release in wind-pollinated Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae)

Timerman

Greene

Urzay

et al. 2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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In wind pollination, the release of pollen from anthers into airflows determines the quantity and timing of pollen available for pollination. Despite the ecological and evolutionary importance of pollen release, wind-stamen interactions are poorly understood, as are the specific forces that deliver pollen grains into airflows. We present empirical evidence that atmospheric turbulence acts directly on stamens in the cosmopolitan, wind-pollinated weed, Plantago lanceolata, causing resonant vibrations that release episodic bursts of pollen grains. In laboratory experiments, we show that stamens have mechanical properties corresponding to theoretically predicted ranges for turbulence-driven resonant vibrations. The mechanical excitation of stamens at their characteristic resonance frequency caused them to resonate, shedding pollen vigorously. The characteristic natural frequency of the stamens increased over time with each shedding episode due to the reduction in anther mass, which increased the mechanical energy required to trigger subsequent episodes. Field observations of a natural population under turbulent wind conditions were consistent with these laboratory results and demonstrated that pollen is released from resonating stamens excited by small eddies whose turnover periods are similar to the characteristic resonance frequency measured in the laboratory. Turbulencedriven vibration of stamens at resonance may be a primary mechanism for pollen shedding in wind-pollinated angiosperms. The capacity to release pollen in wind can be viewed as a primary factor distinguishing animal-from wind-pollinated plants, and selection on traits such as the damping ratio and flexural rigidity may be of consequence in evolutionary transitions between pollination systems.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulence-induced resonance vibrations cause pollen release in wind-pollinated Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae)

Timerman

Greene

Urzay

et al. 2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…They were more frequent during warmer and dryer hours and may have been influenced by the fact that pollen is more easily removed from poricidal anthers when it is drier and powdery (Corbet et al 1988). The dehydration of the tapetum fluid in poricidal anthers, more precisely where pollen still remains after several visits, may favor a gradual release of this pollen along the day (King & Buchmann 1996). The bees of T. gracilis visited the flowers at a fairly constant rate throughout the morning, except for B. pauloensis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollinator guild organization and its consequences for reproduction in three synchronopatric species of Tibouchina (Melastomataceae)

Franco¹,

Goldenberg²,

Varassin³

2011

Rev. Bras. entomol.

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“…These findings agree with those of the present study where both buzzing bee species showed highest handling time at new flowers compared to low handling time at flowers that are more than two days old likely due to the high pollen availability in new flower anthers compared to old flower anthers. King and Buchmann [35] stated that large amounts of pollen (72,000 grains) are released in initial sonication of new flowers and with the age of flower, the amount of pollen in flowers decreased. Harder and Barclay [36] also reported that flower's age significantly affects the removal of pollen by bees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buzzing Wild Bee Visits Enhance Seed Set in Eggplant, Solanum melongena

Jayasinghe

Silva

Karunaratne

2017

Psyche: A Journal of Entomology

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Sixty percent of the angiosperms with poricidal anthers are buzz-pollinated by bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformes). Plant taxa with Solanum-type flowers have larger anthers and shorter filaments. Solanum melongena (Solanaceae) is more commonly and efficiently pollinated by buzz pollinators. The present study documented bees and their diurnal pattern of visitation to flowers, relationship between their handling time and flower age, and the effect of bee visits on fruit and seed set in S. melongena in two sites in Kandy District. Efficiency of buzz pollination over pollination in the absence of bees was determined using open buds and buds covered with pollinator exclusion bags. On average, 150 days were taken to complete the life cycle of Solanum melongena. Three buzzing bees and two nonbuzzing bees in site I and five buzzing bees and two nonbuzzing bees in site II were recorded. Handling time of Pachynomia sp. and Hoplonomia westwoodi indicates that bees spend more time at new flowers than at old flowers. Handling time is higher in the smaller bee, Pachynomia sp., than in the larger bee, H. westwoodi. Statistical data on pollinator exclusion experiment revealed that the fruit set and seed set of S. melongena are enhanced by buzz-pollinating bees.

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Sonication Dispensing of Pollen from Solanum laciniatum Flowers

Cited by 84 publications

References 9 publications

Turbulence-induced resonance vibrations cause pollen release in wind-pollinated Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae)

Turbulence-induced resonance vibrations cause pollen release in wind-pollinated Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae)

Pollinator guild organization and its consequences for reproduction in three synchronopatric species of Tibouchina (Melastomataceae)

Buzzing Wild Bee Visits Enhance Seed Set in Eggplant, Solanum melongena

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