Sonochemical coating: Effect of energy input and distance on the functionalization of textiles with TiO2 and ZnO-Nanoparticles

Questioning ZnO, Ag, and Ag/ZnO nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents for textiles: Do they guarantee total protection against bacteria and SARS-CoV-2?

“…The ζ and D H results are detailed in Table 1S (Supplementary material). The usage of 1000 ppm of silver ions favors the formation of AgNPs with smaller diameters than that obtained by using a concentration of 500 ppm in the sonochemical approach whose the ultrasound waves correspond to the energy source required to initiate the reduction of silver ions (Ag + ) to metallic silver (Ag 0 ) by the reductant agent [ 27 , 28 ]. ZnO-NPs present D H of 0.9 ± 0.5 nm that agglomerate in the aqueous suspension (ζ = −9.1 ± 3.5) like aggregates with 35.5 ± 8.5 nm.…”

Delta SARS-CoV-2 inactivation and bactericidal performance of cotton wipes decorated with TiO2/Ag nanoparticles like Brazilian heavy-fruited Myrciaria cauliflora

“…The ultrasonic irradiation in aqueous media can provoke acoustic cavitation, local heating (> 5000 K), and local pressurization (> 1000 atm), leading to chemical reactions responsible for the reduction of metal ions of metal/oxide precursors dispersed in water [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] . For this purpose, the ultrasound waves must have a relatively high frequency, typically from 20 kHz to 1 MHz [30] . Ramezani et al [31] successfully synthesized Ag-based NPs via sonochemistry for anticancer applications.…”

“…Zhanjiang et al [19] obtained AgNPs with diameters less than 10 nm using ultrasound irradiation and silver nitrate as a precursor agent. Weiße et al [30] coated textile surfaces with ZnO and TiO 2 nanoparticles by a sonochemical approach.…”