Soot and chemiluminescence in diesel combustion of bio-derived, oxygenated and reference fuels

Klein-Douwel, Rjh Robert; Donkerbroek, AJ; Vliet, AP van; Boot, Michael; Somers, Lmt Bart; Baert, Rsg Rik; Dam, NJ Nico; Meulen, JJ ter

doi:10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.140

Cited by 71 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, using in-situ strategies looks like an increasingly promising method. Examples are the design of new fuels [8], addition of exhaust gases to the combustion process [9], or combustion control by electrical fields [10]. Interestingly, none of these 3 strategies utilises magnetic fields.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of sooting tendency by magnetic effects

Pitsch¹,

Gomez²,

Legros³

2015

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of sooting tendency by magnetic effects

Pitsch¹,

Gomez²,

Legros³

2015

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

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“…3 The origin of propene in eq 1 can plausibly be attributed to quenching of the CH 2 CHCH 2 radicals. The radical channel in Scheme 2 is the pathway for formation of CH 2 CCH 2 , CH 2 CHCH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH−CHCH 2 , cyclopentane, and CH 2 CH−CH 2 − CHCH 2 . Recombination of CH 3 radicals will produce the ethane in eq 1 and acetylene arises from the thermal cracking of MVK.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently the threshold for cyclohexanone pyrolysis to ethylene and CH 2 C(OH)−CHCH 2 is estimated to be roughly 75 kcal mol −1 . We also expect that the resulting CH 2 C(OH)−CHCH 2 will subsequently isomerize to methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), CH 3 CO−CHCH 2 . The thermochemistry of the ring fragmentation at the bottom of Scheme 1 is difficult to assess.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tetramethylene diradical could eliminate two H atoms to produce CH 2 CH−CHCH 2 or ring close to produce cyclobutane. It could also internally disproportionate to CH 2 CH−CH 2 CH 3 or collapse into two alkenes, CH 2  CH 2 . Cleavage of the γ C−C bond in cyclohexanone in Scheme 2 yields a diradical that is anticipated to undergo β-scission to CH 2 CO and CH 2 CH 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isomerization and Fragmentation of Cyclohexanone in a Heated Micro-Reactor

Ellison¹,

Daily²,

Stanton³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 71st International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy

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ABSTRACT:The thermal decomposition of cyclohexanone (C 6 H 10 O) has been studied in a set of flash-pyrolysis microreactors. Decomposition of the ketone was observed when dilute samples of C 6 H 10 O were heated to 1200 K in a continuous flow microreactor. Pyrolysis products were detected and identified by tunable VUV photoionization mass spectroscopy and by photoionization appearance thresholds. Complementary product identification was provided by matrix infrared absorption spectroscopy. Pyrolysis pressures were roughly 100 Torr, and contact times with the microreactors were roughly 100 μs. Thermal cracking of cyclohexanone appeared to result from a variety of competing pathways, all of which open roughly simultaneously. Isomerization of cyclohexanone to the enol, cyclohexen-1-ol (C 6 H 9 OH), is followed by retroDiels−Alder cleavage to CH 2 CH 2 and CH 2 C(OH)−CHCH 2 . Further isomerization of CH 2 C(OH)−CHCH 2 to methyl vinyl ketone (CH 3 CO−CHCH 2 , MVK) was also observed. Photoionization spectra identified both enols, C 6 H 9 OH and CH 2 C(OH)−CH CH 2 , and the ionization threshold of C 6 H 9 OH was measured to be 8.2 ± 0.1 eV. Coupled cluster electronic structure calculations were used to establish the energetics of MVK. The heats of formation of MVK and its enol were calculated to be Δ f H 298 (cis-CH 3 CO−CHCH 2 ) = −26.1 ± 0.5 kcal mol −1 and Δ f H 298 (s-cis-1-CH 2 C(OH)−CHCH 2 ) = −13.7 ± 0.5 kcal mol −1. The reaction enthalpy Δ rxn H 298 (C 6 H 10 O → CH 2 CH 2 + s-cis-1-CH 2 C(OH)−CHCH 2 ) is 53 ± 1 kcal mol −1 and Δ rxn H 298 (C 6 H 10 O → CH 2 CH 2 + cis-CH 3 CO−CHCH 2 ) is 41 ± 1 kcal mol −1 . At 1200 K, the products of cyclohexanone pyrolysis were found to be C 6 H 9 OH, CH 2 C(OH)−CHCH

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“…Results from earlier research with cyclic oxygenates show very promising results even for th combustion regime [17,18]. Using blends of diesel with these bio-derived oxygenates [19,20] might be an extremely interesting concept in combination with high EGR as this provides a unique platform to reduce CO 2 , soot and NO x at the same time. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Fuel Composition Impact on PCCI Combustion in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

Leermakers

Luijten

Somers

et al. 2011

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) is a combustion concept that holds the promise of combining emission levels of a spark-ignition engine with the efficiency of a compression-ignition engine. In a short term scenario, PCCI would be used in the lower load operating range only, combined with conventional diesel combustion at higher loads. This scenario relies on using near standard components and conventional fuels; therefore a set of fuels is selected that only reflects short term changes in diesel fuel composition.Experiments have been conducted in one dedicated test cylinder of a modified 6-cylinder 12.6 liter heavy duty DAF engine. This test cylinder is equipped with a stand-alone fuel injection system, EGR circuit and air compressor. For the low load operating range the compression ratio has been lowered to 12:1 by means of a thicker head gasket. It is shown that emission levels and performance strongly correlate with the combustion delay (CD=CA50-SOI), independent of how this combustion delay is achieved.In a longer term scenario, both engine hardware and fuels can be adapted to overcome intrinsic PCCI challenges. At higher loads and at 15:1 compression ratio, necessary for good full load efficiency, a less reactive fuel is required to delay auto-ignition and phase combustion correctly. A number of low reactivity fuel blends have been used to investigate the desired Cetane Number for PCCI operation at different loads. For these blends too, all emission levels as well as the efficiency are shown to greatly correlate with the combustion delay. With an improved efficiency because of the higher compression ratio, the blend with an estimated CN of 25 was found to be the most flexible in being able to choose the optimum CD for the conditions and load used.

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Soot and chemiluminescence in diesel combustion of bio-derived, oxygenated and reference fuels

Cited by 71 publications

References 31 publications

Modification of sooting tendency by magnetic effects

Modification of sooting tendency by magnetic effects

Isomerization and Fragmentation of Cyclohexanone in a Heated Micro-Reactor

Experimental Study of Fuel Composition Impact on PCCI Combustion in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

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