Soot Volume Fraction Measurements in a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine by Combined Laser Induced Incandescence and Laser Extinction Method

Francqueville, Loïc de; Bruneaux, Gilles; Thirouard, Benoist

doi:10.4271/2010-01-0346

Cited by 45 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…On the other hand, there is also a wealth of information of spray processes under reactive conditions, but most of it is devoted to particular phenomena such as autoignition [9], lift-off length [10,11] or soot formation within the diffusion flame [12][13][14][15][16]. Compared to the detailed knowledge of inert spray flow, much less information is available in the literature on the evolution of the spray flow during the ignition and subsequent flame development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental analysis on the evolution of the transient tip penetration in reacting Diesel sprays

Desantes

Pastor

García-Oliver

et al. 2014

Combustion and Flame

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Schlieren imaging has helped deeply characterize the behavior of diesel spray when injected into an oxygen-free ambient. However, when considering the transient penetration of the reacting spray after autoignition, i.e. the Diesel flame, few studies have been found in literature. Differences among optical setups as well as among experimental conditions have not allowed clear conclusions to be drawn on this issue. Furthermore, soot radiation may have a strong effect on the image quality, which cannot be neglected.The present paper reports an investigation on the transient evolution of Diesel flame based upon schlieren imaging. Experimental conditions have spanned values of injection pressure, ambient temperature and density for typical Diesel engine conditions. An optimized optical setup has been used, which makes it possible to obtain results without soot interference. Based on observations for a long injection event (4 ms Energizing Time), the analysis has resorted to extensive comparison of inert and reacting sprays parameters, which have made it possible to define different phases after autoignition.Shortly after autoignition, axial and radial expansion of the spray have been observed in terms of axial penetration and radial cone angle. After that, during a stabilization phase, the reacting spray penetrates at a similar rate as the inert one. Later, the reacting spray undergoes an acceleration period, where it penetrates at a faster rate than the inert one. Finally, the flame enters a quasi-steady penetration phase, where the ratio of reacting and inert penetration stabilizes at a nearly constant value. The duration of the reacting spray penetration stages shows modifications when varying engine parameters such as air temperature, air density, injection pressure, and nozzle diameter. However, the proportionality between reacting and inert penetration has been observed to depend mainly on temperature, in agreement with observed reductions in entrainment when shifting from inert to reacting conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental analysis on the evolution of the transient tip penetration in reacting Diesel sprays

Desantes

Pastor

García-Oliver

et al. 2014

Combustion and Flame

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“…Three 280 cylindrical lenses were used to obtain a 45 x 0.35 mm 2 collimated laser sheet, with 450 mJ/pulse 281 at the entrance of the combustion chamber. The equivalent energy fluence is 2.87 J/cm 2 , which 282 is large enough to get a signal independent of the laser pulse energy as it has been previously 283 reported by other authors [4,13,16]. However, care must be taken during analysis as this high 284 energy fluence could evaporate the smallest soot particles.…”

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confidence: 82%

“…Therefore, it can be introducing local errors when single repetitions 293 are considered. A 50 ns gate width was chosen, to minimize the influence of ambient conditions 294 and possible electronic jitter between the laser and the camera [13]. 295 296…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This effect would be observable when KLEML and 499 SLII were compared, as a deviation from linearity. De Francqueville et al [13] have used this 500 information to identify a set of experimental conditions where signal trapping is taking place, 501 namely the situation where low LII signal is detected but high KLEML is measured. In the present 502 work, few cases show this behaviour (Figure 9).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, all of them show high 326 complexity, especially under engine conditions. The second procedure is based on an empirical 327 calibration by means of an additional experimental technique [11][12][13][14][15][16] (2) and (7) are combined, the following 330 expression can be obtained: 331…”

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confidence: 99%

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Application of optical diagnostics to the quantification of soot in n-alkane flames under diesel conditions

Pastor

García-Oliver

García

et al. 2016

Combustion and Flame

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Mico Reche, C. (2016). Application of optical diagnostics to the quantification of soot in n-alkane flames under diesel conditions. Combustion and Flame. 164:212-223. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.11.018. Nevertheless, it could still be a good option for low sooting conditions. On the other hand, an 36 attempt to calibrate LII signal by means of LEM measurements has been reported. This approach 37 should make it possible to obtain additional information on the soot spatial distribution. 38 However, inconsistencies have been identified which stem from the inherent limitations of LII 39 technique in highly sooting conditions. 40 Application of optical diagnostics to the quantification of soot in

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Fundamentals

Musculus

Pickett

Kaiser

2014

Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering

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Fundamental details of the spatial and/or temporal evolution of in‐cylinder processes of internal combustion engines may be gained from various optical diagnostics. Application of optical diagnostics requires experimental facilities with optical access, appropriate light detection instrumentation, and potentially external light sources and delivery optics. Three types of optical facilities that recreate engine‐relevant high pressure, high temperature conditions are reviewed here: engines, rapid compression machines, and pressurized high temperature spray or premixed fuel–air chambers. In addition, several of the more commonly applied optical diagnostic techniques that can detect combustion‐generated light emission, attenuation and scattering of light from external sources, and artificially generated emission, including laser‐induced processes, are also briefly reviewed.

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Soot Volume Fraction Measurements in a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine by Combined Laser Induced Incandescence and Laser Extinction Method

Cited by 45 publications

References 10 publications

An experimental analysis on the evolution of the transient tip penetration in reacting Diesel sprays

An experimental analysis on the evolution of the transient tip penetration in reacting Diesel sprays

Application of optical diagnostics to the quantification of soot in n-alkane flames under diesel conditions

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