Sooting limit in counterflow diffusion flames of ethylene/propane fuels and implication to threshold soot index

Joo, Peter H.; Wang, Yu; Raj, Abhijeet; Chung, Suk Ho

doi:10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.124

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The experiments were repeated with a new counterflow burner. Details of the burner and measurement setups were given in detail previously [81,82]. The setup features two opposing contoured nozzles with the nozzle diameters of 10 mm and a nozzle separation distance of 8 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soot modeling of counterflow diffusion flames of ethylene-based binary mixture fuels

Wang

Raj²,

Chung

2015

Combustion and Flame

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137

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soot modeling of counterflow diffusion flames of ethylene-based binary mixture fuels

Wang

Raj²,

Chung

2015

Combustion and Flame

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137

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“…A CDF can be manipulated to be sooting or non-sooting by varying the amount of N2 dilution in the fuel or oxidizer stream. For example, it was shown [37] that in an ethylene counterflow flame with no fuel side dilution (i.e., fuel mole fraction XF = 1.0), soot formation could be observed only if the oxygen mole fraction in the oxidizer stream was higher than 0.18 (i.e., XO > 0. 18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and soot modeling studies of ethylene counterflow diffusion flames: Non-monotonic influence of the oxidizer composition on soot formation

Yan

Zhou

et al. 2018

Combustion and Flame

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Chung SH (2018) Experimental and soot modeling studies of ethylene counterflow diffusion flames: Non-monotonic influence of the oxidizer composition on soot formation. Combustion and Flame 197: 304-318. Available: http:// dx. AbstractPrevious soot studies in counterflow diffusion flames revealed that the sooting limit curve in regions with large oxygen mole fractions (XO) exhibited marked bending behaviors that indicated a non-monotonic variation of sooting tendency with oxygen concentration. The underlying mechanisms of this bending behavior remained unclear. In this regard, the present study systematically investigated the effect of oxygen mole fraction in the oxidizer stream on the sooting characteristics of ethylene counterflow diffusion flames. We used the near-infrared light extinction technique to measure the soot volume fractions of two types of flames that significantly differed in sooting structures: soot formation oxidation (SFO) flames with a fixed fuel mole fraction (XF) of 0.28 and varying XO between 0.5 and 1.0 and soot formation (SF) flames with pure ethylene (XF = 1.0) in the fuel stream and varied XO from 0.250.3. We also conducted detailed soot modeling studies by combining the gas-phase chemistry with a sectional soot model that accounted for soot inception, soot mass growth, particle coagulation as well as soot oxidation. Our experimental and modeling results demonstrated the non-monotonic relationship between the soot volume fractions with XO in SFO flames. A detailed analysis of the evolutionary process of soot formation revealed that the suppression of soot inception and the enhancement of the soot oxidation process with increasing XO led to a reduction of soot volume fraction. On the contrary, the surface growth rates increased with XO, resulting in an increase in soot mass concentration. These competing effects led to the nonmonotonic variation of soot volume fractions with XO for SFO flames. On the other hand, in SF flames the inception and surface growth of soot both increased as XO increased, resulting in the observed monotonic relationship between soot volume fraction and XO. We also analyzed the soot zone structures and made comparisons between SFO and SF flames.

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“…Moreover, the experimental results of Choi et al [3] showed that there exists a synergistic effect in PAH production in these mixtures, especially in iso-octane/toluene mixture, but not in soot formation. The synergistic effect is defined in a consistent manner with previous studies on soot and PAH formation and refers to the case when a mixture fuel (containing two hydrocarbons) can produce more PAH and/or soot as compared to the individual pure fuels [3,[14][15][16][17][18].This study intends to gain fundamental understanding into the effects of fuel chemistry of a TRF gasoline surrogate on soot formation. In particular, the focus is on the chemical kinetic interactions between iso-octane and toluene and between nheptane and toluene with respect to PAH and soot formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Numerical study of soot formation in laminar coflow methane/air diffusion flames doped by n- heptane/toluene and iso-octane/toluene blends

Consalvi

Liu

Kashif

et al. 2017

Combustion and Flame

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Abstract:The laminar coflow nitrogen-diluted methane/air diffusion flames doped with a small amount of n-heptane/toluene and iso-octane/toluene binary mixtures, investigated experimentally by Kashif et al. [Combust. Flame 162 (2015) 1840-18476], were simulated numerically by using a detailed reaction mechanism and a sectional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-based soot model. The numerical model provides results in reasonable qualitative agreement with the experimental data by using the same chemical mechanism, the same soot model, and the same set of constants employed successfully in a previous study to model the effects of nheptane/iso-octane doping, demonstrating that this overall model is promising to model soot formation in gasoline flames. Soot production is enhanced monotonically with increasing the 2 toluene content in either the n-heptane/toluene or iso-octane/toluene doping fuel mixture. The increase in benzene and pyrene production displays a non-monotonic and synergistic response to the increase in toluene content. These numerical results are consistent with available experimental results as far as the trends in the effects of increasing the toluene content are concerned. Model results show that the dominant pathways responsible for the synergistic effects on benzene and pyrene production are respectively C 6 H 5 CH 3 (n-heptane) + H ↔ A1 (benzene) + CH 3 and A3-(C 14 H 9 ) + C 2 H 2 ↔ A4 (pyrene) + H.

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Sooting limit in counterflow diffusion flames of ethylene/propane fuels and implication to threshold soot index

Cited by 50 publications

References 31 publications

Soot modeling of counterflow diffusion flames of ethylene-based binary mixture fuels

Soot modeling of counterflow diffusion flames of ethylene-based binary mixture fuels

Experimental and soot modeling studies of ethylene counterflow diffusion flames: Non-monotonic influence of the oxidizer composition on soot formation

Numerical study of soot formation in laminar coflow methane/air diffusion flames doped by n- heptane/toluene and iso-octane/toluene blends

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