Soybean Bowman-Birk trypsin isoinhibitors: classification and report of a glycine-rich trypsin inhibitor class

Tan-Wilson, Anna L.; Chen, J. C.; Duggan, Michelle C.; Chapman, Colin; Obach, R.; Wilson, Karl A.

doi:10.1021/jf00078a028

Cited by 53 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Crude genetically enhanced soybeans (Soja Lana) was as expected had a much lower level of trypsin inhibitors in comparison with the standard raw soybeans, as Kunitz trypsin inhibitor antitrypsin, main component of the seed (Friedman et al, 1991). Soybean varieties with low levels of Kunitz inhibitors may have different levels of trypsin inhibitors, depending on the spot they are grown (Kumar et al, 2003), the presence of other types of trypsin inhibitors (Tan- Wilson et al, 1987), variations in the level lipoksigegenase (Machado et al, 2008) and anti-nutritive factors such as phytates and tannins (Liener, 1994). Palacios et al (2004) have obtained results by genetically improved strains that had better quality than standard soy protein, but Machado et al (2008), in its biological assay did not perceive significant differences when the two varieties of soybean were thermally treated in the same way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

The influence of strain and age on some egg quality parameters of commercial laying hens

2011

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The experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of strain and age on some egg quality parameters (egg weight and egg shell strength) of commercial laying hens. Layers of lines ISA Brown and DeKalb White were examined in period of nine months. Both lines were at same age (28 weeks) and were confined in common facility in battery cages. Laying hens were reared and fed according to standard breeding technology. Once a month 25 eggs of each line were taken to be examined for eggshell strength and egg weight, or in other words, total 450 table eggs were tested. Analises were done in Laboratory for testing egg quality by gaudges Egg Multi Tester EMT 5200 and Egg shell Gauge (Robotmation Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) which have computerised equipment to examine quality and physical characteristics of eggs. Statistic analyses on results were done by computer sub-programme ANOVA and Fisher's LSD test to determine the level of statistical significant difference between examined factors. Egg weight was under significant impact of age (P ? 0,05), but not under the influence of strain, although eggs of ISA Brown line were insignificantly heavier than eggs of DeKalb White line. Eggs were heaviest at layers with older age, while they were lightest at younger birds. The results have shown significant differences (P ? 0,05) in eggshell strength compared to line influence (genotype) and months of age. Eggs from ISA Brown laying hens had much better and eggshell strength than those eggs from DeKalb White. Correlations between eggshell strength and egg weight were with significant (R < 0,05) negative value, which indicating that with increasing egg weight decreases of eggshell strength.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

The influence of strain and age on some egg quality parameters of commercial laying hens

2011

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“…BBSTI-E, the major form of Bowman-Birk-type inhibitor in the soybean, and BBSTI-D were purified by the method of Tan-Wilson et al (18) and Madden et al (12), respectively. Glycinin and f,-conglycinin were prepared by the method of Wilson et al (23).…”

Section: Materials and Methods Plant Materials Substrates And Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation of the Degradation of the Soybean Kunitz and Bowman-Birk Trypsin Inhibitors by a Cysteine Protease

Papastoitsis

Wilson²

1991

Plant Physiol.

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Protease Ki activity initiates the degradation of the Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (KSTI) during germination and early seedling growth. This enzyme was purified nearly 1300-fold from the cotyledons of 4-day-old soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) seedlings. Protease Ki is a cysteine protease with a molecular weight of approximately 29,000. It cleaves the native form of KSTI, Ti, to Tilm, the same modified form observed in vivo. In addition to attacking KSTI, protease K1 is also active toward the major Bowman-Birk soybean trypsin inhibitor, as well as the a, a', and , subunits of soybean iB-conglycinin. The properties and temporal variation of protease KI during germination indicate that it is responsible for initiating the degradation of both KSTI and Bowman-Birk soybean trypsin inhibitor in the soybean cotyledon.During germination the reserve proteins of the legume seed are hydrolyzed to yield amino acids needed by the seedling until it becomes established as a photosynthetic autotroph. We previously demonstrated that the Kunitz and BowmanBirk-type trypsin inhibitors of legume seeds are also subjected to hydrolysis during germination and seedling growth (17,20,21). The soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill contains both KSTI3 and BBSTI, each of which is initially cleaved by a limited specific proteolysis. In the soybean cv Amsoy 71, which contains the Tia variant of KSTI, this initial proteolysis removes the five carboxyl-terminal residues (Asp-Lys-GluSer-Leu) of KSTI-Tia to produce . This proteolysis is catalyzed by protease K1. Protease Kl is essentially absent from dry soybeans but increases greatly during germination, peaking at day 4 of growth (22). The degradation of the major soybean Bowman-Birk-type inhibitor, BBSTI-E, similarly involves an initial truncation at the carboxyl terminus to produce BBSTI-D (12). This reaction is catalyzed by protease B1, which exhibits a temporal variation in activity similar to that of protease K1. Both of these inhibitor-degrading activities are distinct from another activity in the seedling cotyledon, protease G1, which specifically degrades the acidic chains of the storage globulin glycinin (22).

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“…6 Inhibitors of the Bowman-Birk class are polypeptide chains 70-80 amino acids in length. A number of isoinhibitor forms with differing activities, controlled by at least four gene loci, have been described, 7 but null-alleles have only been identified in wild perennial species of Glycine to date. 8 Although a reduction in their inhibitory activity would be desirable, Bowman-Birk inhibitors account for nearly half of the cysteine concentration in soybean seeds 2 and hence their complete elimination might drastically reduce the nutritional value of soybean protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypsin inhibitor activity of soybean as affected by genotype and fertilisation

Vollmann

Grausgruber

Wagentristl³

et al. 2003

J Sci Food Agric

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The presence of protease inhibitors in soybean prohibits the utilisation of the raw beans for food and feed. However, little information is available about environmental influences and the effects of nitrogen and sulphur supply on the antinutritional constituents of soybean. As these factors may influence protease inhibitors, soybean genotypes segregated according to the presence or absence of the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor have been evaluated for trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) in field trials. TIA was affected significantly by environment (geographical location), fertilisation treatment and genotype. Environmental means of TIA were between 69.5 and 104.8 mg g −1 . Nitrogen application, which caused an increase in seed protein content, resulted in a reduction in TIA by about 15% as compared with the control. Remarkably, simultaneous application of nitrogen and sulphur in the form of ammonium sulphate had a similar reductive effect on TIA to that of nitrogen application alone, although soybean protease inhibitors are rich in sulphur amino acids. Significant genetic variation in TIA was found both within the genotype class with the Kunitz inhibitor present as well as within the class lacking this inhibitor. The results suggest that TIA of soybean may be modified considerably by genetic improvement and appropriate agronomic management.

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Soybean Bowman-Birk trypsin isoinhibitors: classification and report of a glycine-rich trypsin inhibitor class

Cited by 53 publications

References 31 publications

The influence of strain and age on some egg quality parameters of commercial laying hens

The influence of strain and age on some egg quality parameters of commercial laying hens

Initiation of the Degradation of the Soybean Kunitz and Bowman-Birk Trypsin Inhibitors by a Cysteine Protease

Trypsin inhibitor activity of soybean as affected by genotype and fertilisation

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