Soziologische Beratung

Krekel, Elisabeth M.; Lehmann, Jürgen

doi:10.1007/978-3-86226-862-7_29

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…1(III, IV) and 2(V). Therefore, we can conclude that interaction between Fe or Cu and ligands in aqueous solution exists, resulting to the formation of complexes with different composition [30]. During evaporation of solvent, the ferrogallic complexes are oxidized immediately by air oxygen to form completely insoluble in water Fe(III)-gallic acid complexes [30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Spectroscopic evaluation and characterization of different historical writing inks

Senvaitienė

Beganskienė

Kareiva

2005

Vibrational Spectroscopy

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Eight different writing ink samples were prepared using following recipes [9,[27][28][29][30]. Analytical grade reagents and distilled water were used for the preparation of inks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic evaluation and characterization of different historical writing inks

Senvaitienė

Beganskienė

Kareiva

2005

Vibrational Spectroscopy

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“…However, the chemistry of these inks still remains poorly understood, mainly because of the high reactivity of iron that allows many interactions with surrounding components: precipitation with gallic acid [2][3][4], chelation with polysaccharides [5], redox reactions with gallic acid [6], oxidation induced by atmospheric oxygen, etc. All these reactions may compete with each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Arrhenius law to DP and zero-span tensile strength measurements taken on iron gall ink impregnated papers: relevance of artificial ageing protocols

et al. 2016

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Iron gall inks (IGI) were largely used for writing until the nineteenth century. Under certain circumstances, they provoke a substantial degradation of their cellulosic support. It was shown in a previous works that combination of oxygen and iron largely impacts cellulose chain breaking occurring in acidic conditions (pH 3-4). The present study aims to study the kinetic of this degradation. It assesses the validity of Arrhenius law between 20 and 90°C taking advantage of the fast depolymerization of IGI impregnated papers at room temperature and using two complementary tools: DP measurements and zero-span tensile strength. The first one is sensitive enough to measure degradation at its very beginning, while the second is more appropriate for advanced stage of degradation. Similar activation energies (97 ± 2 kJ mol -1 ) were found via DP and zero-span measurements, and reaction rates of IGI impregnated papers were 1-2 orders of magnitude above available data related to lignin-free acidic papers. These observations suggest a dominant hydrolytic mechanism that involves directly or indirectly oxygen and iron.

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“…[5] Formation of ironA C H T U N G T R E N N U N G (III) pyrogallate, one of the possible colouring substances in iron gall ink, is depicted in Scheme 1. [6] Valuable historical objects suffer ink corrosion, which can lead to very serious damage as a result of the detrimental effects of iron gall inks. The origin of the decay is the result of two different processes: [7] acid hydrolysis and oxidation of cellulose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids for the Efficient Treatment of Iron Gall Inked Papers

Ceres¹,

Conte²,

Mirruzzo³

et al. 2008

ChemSusChem

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Iron gall inks have been known since Roman times, were widely used in the Medieval Age, and became the most used ink in the Renaissance period. They were still officially used by the German Government as recently as 1973. The two main constituents of the ink are tannic acid and ferrous sulfate (vitriol). The vitriol normally used was not very pure and likely contained a mixture of iron sulfate with traces of other metals, in particular, copper. Certain transition-metal ions contained in iron gall inks and their acidity are known to deteriorate paper. Therefore, stabilization treatments consist of deacidification and the addition of antioxidants. To this end, the use of tetraalkylammonium bromides was recently proposed. Here, it is shown that 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bromide both in aqueous and in alcoholic solution can prevent the oxidative deterioration of cellulose. Furthermore, it does not lead to the yellowing of paper nor does it significantly affect the colour of the ink.

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Soziologische Beratung

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Spectroscopic evaluation and characterization of different historical writing inks

Spectroscopic evaluation and characterization of different historical writing inks

Application of Arrhenius law to DP and zero-span tensile strength measurements taken on iron gall ink impregnated papers: relevance of artificial ageing protocols

Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids for the Efficient Treatment of Iron Gall Inked Papers

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