2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2016.04.017
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Spacer-induced forward osmosis membrane integrity loss during gypsum scaling

Abstract: 1We demonstrated forward osmosis (FO) membrane integrity loss during gypsum scaling 2 with the presence of membrane spacer. The gypsum scalant had preferential accumulation 3 adjacent to membrane spacer where the needle-shape gypsum potentially compromised 4 polyamide thin-film composite FO membrane integrity. However, the loss of FO membrane 5 integrity cannot be sensitively detected by in situ measurements of membrane water and salt 6 (NaCl) permeability coefficients. We, for the first time, employed membran… Show more

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Cited by 28 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…By employing this approach, the membrane water flux could be enhanced by 8–19% [ 11 ]. Similar to what happens in the RO process, the presence of spacers could also promote scaling near the surface of the FO membrane [ 7 ]. The presence of spacer filaments tends to create recirculating zones downstream of the flow obstructions, promoting crystallisation and growth of gypsum scales.…”
Section: Existing Cfd Models and Their Challengesmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…By employing this approach, the membrane water flux could be enhanced by 8–19% [ 11 ]. Similar to what happens in the RO process, the presence of spacers could also promote scaling near the surface of the FO membrane [ 7 ]. The presence of spacer filaments tends to create recirculating zones downstream of the flow obstructions, promoting crystallisation and growth of gypsum scales.…”
Section: Existing Cfd Models and Their Challengesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…SWM modules have been used for industrial applications of seawater RO (SWRO) since the 1960s [ 3 ], and their use has been further extended to nanofiltration (NF) in the early 1980s [ 4 ]. For emerging osmotic membrane processes such as forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), the development of SWMs is still at an early stage and is only limited to lab-scale studies [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Although some researchers report that the hollow fibre membrane configuration is more suitable for FO and PRO processes due to its higher packing density, self-mechanical support properties and better flow control on both sides of the membrane (i.e., lumen and outer surface of fibre) [ 9 , 10 ], a large number of studies published over the years have used flat sheet membranes for assessing FO and PRO processes [ 6 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Each channel 102 was 2 mm deep, 90 mm wide, and 120 mm long. Details of this FO filtration setup were 103 provided in our previous publications (Xie and Gray 2016, Xie et al 2016b), and can be found at 104 Figure S1, Supplementary Data. Crossflow rate of 1 L/min (corresponding to crossflow velocity 105 of 9 cm/s) was maintained for both the feed and draw solutions using micro gear pumps.…”
Section: Fo Setup and Silica Scaling Experimental Protocol 99mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the second publication by Heikkinen et al [98], high water flux was accompanied by high reverse salt flux. Several studies have associated high reverse salt flux with membrane damage as well [12,[99][100][101].…”
Section: Other Factors Limiting Membrane Performancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The location of placing a spacer; however, seems controversial, as another study by Wang et al [92] recommends placing a small spacer in contact with the active layer in the feed channel and 2.7 mm away from the support layer in the draw channel. However, spacers are reported to induce membrane deformation in FO in presence of gypsum scaling [100] and PRO [12] under high pressures, while increasing feed solution flow rate leads to loss in recovery rate [103].…”
Section: Other Factors Limiting Membrane Performancementioning
confidence: 99%