Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) Modeling System

Baek, Bok H.; Seppanen, Catherine

doi:10.5281/zenodo.1421403

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…44 These hourly emissions are combined with those from other sectors, such as transportation and agriculture, by the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) system to prepare emission inputs for air quality modeling. 45 The Community Multi-scale Air Quality Modeling system (CMAQ version 5.3) is used to simulate ambient PM 2.5 concentration. Additional details about the CMAQ configuration used are provided in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: ■ Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Pathways for Power Sector Decarbonization in Texas Yield Health Cobenefits but Fail to Alleviate Air Pollution Exposure Inequities

Luo

Copeland

Garcia–Menendez

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Decarbonizing power systems is a critical component of climate change mitigation, which can have public health cobenefits by reducing air pollution. Many studies have examined strategies to decarbonize power grids and quantified their health cobenefits. However, few of them focus on near-term cobenefits at community levels, while comparing various decarbonization pathways. Here, we use a coupled power system and air quality modeling framework to quantify the costs and benefits of decarbonizing the Texas power grid through a carbon tax; replacing coal with natural gas, solar, or wind; and internalizing human health impacts into operations. Our results show that all decarbonization pathways can result in major reductions in CO 2 emissions and public health impacts from power sector emissions, leading to large net benefits when considering the costs to implement these strategies. Operational changes with existing infrastructure can serve as a transitional strategy during the process of replacing coal with renewable energy, which offers the largest benefits. However, we also find that Black and lower-income populations receive disproportionately higher air pollution damages and that none of the examined decarbonization strategies mitigate this disparity. These findings suggest that additional interventions are necessary to mitigate environmental inequity while decarbonizing power grids.

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Section: ■ Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Pathways for Power Sector Decarbonization in Texas Yield Health Cobenefits but Fail to Alleviate Air Pollution Exposure Inequities

Luo

Copeland

Garcia–Menendez

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…These are augmented for ZAPPA with some adjustments or replacements whenever more accurate or higher resolution data specific to NYC was available, such as emissions from building boilers, commercial cooking, and link-level traffic information. , The overall emissions for PM 2.5 , NOx, SO 2 , VOC, and NH 3 from NYC have been divided into three major groups: (1) all area emissions from ground-level, excluding the following two source categories; (2) point emissions from power generation; and (3) line emissions from on-road vehicles and ships in transit, based on the dispersion algorithms that C-TOOLS supports (Figures and S1–S3). Emissions estimates by tier at the source classification code (SCC) level are assigned to each of the ZCTA polygons using the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) by applying spatial surrogates (for area sources). More information on emission types and years (Tables S1–S6) and web integration process (sections A1–A6) are detailed in the SI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZIP Code-Level Estimation of Air Quality and Health Risk Due to Particulate Matter Pollution in New York City

Shukla

Seppanen

Naess

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Exposure to PM 2.5 is associated with hundreds of premature mortalities every year in New York City (NYC). Current air quality and health impact assessment tools provide county-wide estimates but are inadequate for assessing health benefits at neighborhood scales, especially for evaluating policy options related to energy efficiency or climate goals. We developed a new ZIP Code-Level Air Pollution Policy Assessment (ZAPPA) tool for NYC by integrating two reduced form models—Community Air Quality Tools (C-TOOLS) and the Co-Benefits Risk Assessment Health Impacts Screening and Mapping Tool (COBRA)—that propagate emissions changes to estimate air pollution exposures and health benefits. ZAPPA leverages custom higher resolution inputs for emissions, health incidences, and population. It, then, enables rapid policy evaluation with localized ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA)-level analysis of potential health and monetary benefits stemming from air quality management decisions. We evaluated the modeled 2016 PM 2.5 values against observed values at EPA and NYCCAS monitors, finding good model performance (FAC2, 1; NMSE, 0.05). We, then, applied ZAPPA to assess PM 2.5 reduction-related health benefits from five illustrative policy scenarios in NYC focused on (1) commercial cooking, (2) residential and commercial building fuel regulations, (3) fleet electrification, (4) congestion pricing in Manhattan, and (5) these four combined as a “citywide sustainable policy implementation” scenario. The citywide scenario estimates an average reduction in PM 2.5 of 0.9 μg/m 3 . This change translates to avoiding 210–475 deaths, 340 asthma emergency department visits, and monetized health benefits worth $2B to $5B annually, with significant variation across NYC’s 192 ZCTAs. ZCTA-level assessments can help prioritize interventions in neighborhoods that would see the most health benefits from air pollution reduction. ZAPPA can provide quantitative insights on health and monetary benefits for future sustainability policy development in NYC.

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“…Emission processing 95 relies on the US EPA SMOKEv3. 6.5 (Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel System) model (Institute and Environment, 2015;Baek and Seppanen, 2018) that has been specifically adapted for the Iberian Peninsula (Borge et al, 2008;Borge et al, 2014).…”

Section: Modeling Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summertime tropospheric ozone source apportionment study in Madrid (Spain)

de la Paz,

Borge,

de Andrés

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. The design of emission abatement measures to effectivly reduce high ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations in urban areas is very complex. In addition to the strongly non-linear chemistry of this secondary pollutant, precursors can be released by a variety of sources in different regions and locally produced O3 is mixed with that transported from the regional or continental scales. All of these processes depend also on the specific meteorological conditons and topography of the study area. Consequently, high-resolution comprehensive modeling tools are needed to understand the drivers of photochemical pollution and to assess the potential of local strategies to reduce adverse impacts from high tropospheric O3 levels. In this study, we apply the Integrated Source Apportionment Method (ISAM) implemented in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQv5.3.2) model to investigate the origin of summertime O3 in the Madrid region (Spain). Consistent with previous studies, our results confirm that O3 levels are dominated by non-local contributions, representing around 70 % of mean values across the region. Nonetheless, precursors emitted by local sources, mainly road traffic, play a more important role during O3 peaks, with contributions as high as 25 ppb. The potential impact of local measures is higher under unfavorable meteorological conditions associated with regional accumulation patterns. These findings suggest that this modeling system may be used in the future to simulate the potential outcomes of specific emission abatement measures to prevent high-O3 episodes in the Madrid metropolitan area.

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Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) Modeling System

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Diverse Pathways for Power Sector Decarbonization in Texas Yield Health Cobenefits but Fail to Alleviate Air Pollution Exposure Inequities

Diverse Pathways for Power Sector Decarbonization in Texas Yield Health Cobenefits but Fail to Alleviate Air Pollution Exposure Inequities

ZIP Code-Level Estimation of Air Quality and Health Risk Due to Particulate Matter Pollution in New York City

Summertime tropospheric ozone source apportionment study in Madrid (Spain)

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