Spaser operation below threshold: autonomous vs driven spasers

Andrianov, E. S.; Pukhov, A.; Dorofeenko, A. V.; Виноградов, А. П.; Lisyansky, A. A.

doi:10.1364/oe.23.021983

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…There are also different opinions in the community that the threshold gain is solely determined by the intrinsic metal loss for three‐dimensionally confined spasing modes . Tuning the nanoparticle geometry, composition, or lasing mode may shift the plasmonic resonance to the optimal wavelength, but rarely affect the material‐imposed minimal gain for spasing .…”

Section: Spasermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are also different opinions in the community that the threshold gain is solely determined by the intrinsic metal loss for three-dimensionally confined spasing modes. [24,[71][72][73][74] Tuning the nanoparticle geometry, composition, or lasing mode may shift the plasmonic resonance to the optimal wavelength, but rarely affect the material-imposed minimal gain for spasing. [71] In case of electrically pumped spasing, the calculations by Khurgin and Sun showed that the threshold current density is ß10 6 A/cm 2 , a density such that the device will be physical damaged.…”

Section: Reducing the Spasing Thresholdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanolasers Enabled by Metallic Nanoparticles: From Spasers to Random Lasers

Wang

Meng

Kildishev

et al. 2017

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Owing to exotic optical responses, metallic nanoparticles and nanostructures are finding broad applications in laser science, leading to numerous design variations of plasmonic nanolasers. Nowadays, two of the most intriguing plasmonic nanolasing devices are spasers and random lasers. While a spaser is based on a single metallic nanoparticle resonator with the optical feedback provided by the localized surface plasmon resonance, the operation of a random laser relies on multiple light scattering within randomly distributed metallic nanoparticles. In this paper, an up-to-date review on the applications of metallic nanoparticles in spasers and random lasers is provided. Principles of a random spaser, a device combining the features of a spaser and a random laser, are briefly discussed as well. The paper is focused on major theoretical and experimental approaches to control the core metrics of lasing performance, including threshold, resonant wavelength, and emission directionality. The applications of spasers and random lasers in the fields of sensing and imaging are also mentioned. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in this area of research are discussed.

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Section: Spasermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reducing the Spasing Thresholdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanolasers Enabled by Metallic Nanoparticles: From Spasers to Random Lasers

Wang

Meng

Kildishev

et al. 2017

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…The exact nature of this long-term state, as it is well-known from the physics of laser oscillations, can be diverse 24 33 34 : steady-state, multistability, stochastic behaviour, burst-like dynamics, etc. Moreover, in the case where the system is subjected to a non-zero external external field E 0 , synchronicity issues will rise between the natural resonant frequencies of the NP oscillator (here, the resonance frequencies of the multipoles) and the forcing frequency 25 35 . The exact nature of this final state requires a thorough study, depending on the various model parameters, which is out of the scope of this paper.…”

Section: Non-linear Regime and The Rise Of Higher-order Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipolar, time-dynamical model for the loss compensation and lasing of a spherical plasmonic nanoparticle spaser immersed in an active gain medium

Veltri

Chipouline

Aradian

2016

Sci Rep

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The plasmonic response of a metal nanoparticle in the presence of surrounding gain elements is studied, using a space and time-dependent model, which integrates a quantum formalism to describe the gain and a classical treatment for the metal. Our model fully takes into account the influence of the system geometry (nanosphere) and offers for the first time, the possibility to describe the temporal evolution of the fields and the coupling among the multipolar modes of the particle. We calculate the lasing threshold value for all multipoles of the spaser, and demonstrate that the dipolar one is lowest. The onset of the lasing instability, in the linear regime, is then studied both with and without external field forcing. We also study the behaviour of the system below the lasing threshold, with the external field, demonstrating the existence of an amplification regime where the nanoparticle’s plasmon is strongly enhanced as the threshold is approached. Finally, a qualitative discussion is provided on later, non-linear stages of the dynamics and the approach to the steady-state of the spaser; in particular, it is shown that, for the considered geometry, the spasing is necessarily multi-modal and multipolar modes are always activated.

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“…Panels (d)-(f) show the electric field evolution (normalized to a reference value E 0 ) probed in proximity of the spaser. Panels (a,d) correspond to the case of N a = 2.25 · 10 27 part/m 3 , panels (b,e) to N a = 2.75 · 10 27 and panels (c,f) to N a = 3.75 · 10 27 part/m 3 . spasers, which to date are available only for 2D geometries [13,14,16,20,39]. The results of this analysis are then generalized to three-dimensional core-shell spasers by a set of 3D simulations.…”

Section: An Ab-initio Experiment: Emergence Of Different Phases In Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the large body of experimental research, the theoretical understanding of the spaser dynamics is still challenging. Fundamental insights on the lasing threshold conditions have been obtained by Mie theoretical approaches [15,16] and semi-classical methods [17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy equipartition and unidirectional emission in a spaser nanolaser

Gongora

Miroshnichenko

Kivshar

et al. 2016

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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A spaser is a nanoplasmonic counterpart of a laser, with photons replaced by surface plasmon polaritons and a resonant cavity replaced by a metallic nanostructure supporting localized plasmonic modes. By combining analytical results and first-principle numerical simulations, we provide a comprehensive study of the ultrafast dynamics of a spaser. Due to its highly-nonlinear nature, the spaser is characterized by a large number of interacting degrees of freedom, which sustain a rich manifold of different phases we discover, describe and analyze here. In the regime of strong interaction, the system manifests an irreversible ergodic evolution towards the configuration where energy is equally shared among all the available degrees of freedom. Under this condition, the spaser generates ultrafast vortex-like lasing modes that are spinning on the femtosecond scale and whose direction of rotation is dictated by quantum noise. In this regime, the spaser acquires the character of a nanoparticle with an effective spin. This opens up a range of interesting possibilities for achieving unidirectional emission from a symmetric nanostructure, stimulating a broad range of applications for nanoplasmonic lasers as unidirectional couplers and random information sources.

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Spaser operation below threshold: autonomous vs driven spasers

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Nanolasers Enabled by Metallic Nanoparticles: From Spasers to Random Lasers

Nanolasers Enabled by Metallic Nanoparticles: From Spasers to Random Lasers

Multipolar, time-dynamical model for the loss compensation and lasing of a spherical plasmonic nanoparticle spaser immersed in an active gain medium

Energy equipartition and unidirectional emission in a spaser nanolaser

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