Spatial Ability Differences in Athletes and Non-Athletes

Abstract

Background: Cognitive processes, specifically spatial abilities, are responsible for integration of daily activities. Many factors contribute to the plasticity of the brain which, furthermore, alter the spatial ability. Physical activity, which can be further grouped into sport and exercise, is a modifiable factor that enhances the cognitive processes through a divergent mechanism. This study aimed to gain further understanding on whether sport differs from exercise in altering spatial ability in athletes and non-athletes. Methods: This observational study compared the spatial ability score of athletes of Indonesia National Sport Comitte (Komite Olahraga Nasional Indonesia, KONI) in West Java (n= 21) and non-athletes (n= 21). Sampling were performed using stratified random technique and data were collected between August and October 2015 which included spatial scores and demographic of subjects. Results: The difference in spatial scores between athletes and non-athletes were not significant (p=0.432). Conclusions: This study suggests an insignificant difference in spatial ability in athletes performing sport and non-athletes performing exercise. Hence, the cognitive component skills in sport experience do not alter the spatial ability.

Enhancing Kinaesthetic Intelligence Using Project-Based Learning Models

“…Besides that physical education must begin to use a learning model that is able to improve critical abilities, enhance creativity, intelligence and in accordance with the level of needs, growth and development of students. The fact showed that sports activities and exercise in physical activity can improve spatial abilities [31]. The Project Based Learning model puts forward very complex tasks, where there is a final task that must be done by students is to create a kind of project.…”

Spatial Olfactory Memory and Spatial Olfactory Navigation, Assessed with a Variant of Corsi Test, Is Modulated by Gender and Sporty Activity

“…The athletes were recruited from students recognized as student-athletes, belonging to different competitive sports categories (including football, judo, martial arts, horse riding, swimming, basketball, and boxing). A specific sport was not chosen for this study because, as already highlighted in the introduction, specific sport skills did not further affect the spatial abilities of the athletes [ 37 , 38 ]. The control group included non-athlete subjects, who did not follow competitive activities or participate in sports activities for more than two hours a week.…”

“…There are not many studies that specifically focus on the relationship between spatial ability and athletes, I and results are often in contrast with what has been previously reported. For example, Cynthia et al [ 37 ] reported that the spatial ability of athletes and non-athletes is not significantly different from each other, concluding that exercise may or may not increase the spatial capacity of both groups. However, specific sport skills did not further affect the spatial abilities of the athletes.…”

Kecemasan Dan Konsentrasi Pada Atlet Tenis Lapangan Pomnas Xvii Sumatera Barat 2022

“…Penyebaran kuisioner dan tes konsentrasi digunakan sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Instrumen penelitian pada aspek kecemasan menggunakan kuisioner dengan 35 butir soal (validitas 0,83 dan realibilitas 0,65) kemudian untuk aspek konsentrasi menggunakan Grid Concentration Exercise, yang merupakan tes konsentrasi dalam bentuk tabel berisi angka 00-99 yang disusun secara acak, dengan responden menyusun secara runtut selama 1 menit (Tache et al, 2017). Semakin banyak angkanya yang berhasil diurutkan, semakin tinggi tingkat konsentrasinya (Sin & Aprinanda, 2020).…”