AbstrakSarkopenia, sindrom penurunan massa dan fungsi otot terkait usia dapat mengurangi kualitas hidup dan peningkatan mortalitas pada lanjut usia (lansia). Banyak metode penapisan dan definisi operasional menyebabkan angka prevalensi sarkopenia bervariasi di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi sarkopenia pada lansia yang tinggal di komunitas berdasarkan massa otot yang diukur dengan bioimpedance analysis, kekuatan genggam tangan menggunakan hand dynamometer, serta performa fisik melalui uji jalan 6 menit dengan mempergunakan dua nilai cut-off, nilai rekomendasi Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) dan nilai populasi lansia Taiwan karena belum didapatkan nilai cut-off populasi lansia Indonesia. Penelitian deskriptif potong lintang pada 229 partisipan (71 orang laki-laki dan 158 orang perempuan) dengan menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling dilakukan pada bulan Agustus sampai Desember 2014 pada populasi lansia di Kota Bandung dan Jatinangor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan angka prevalensi sarkopenia berdasarkan nilai cut-off rekomendasi AWGS adalah 9,1% (7,4% untuk laki-laki dan 1,7% untuk perempuan), sedangkan prevalensi sarkopenia berdasarkan nilai cut-off populasi Taiwan sebesar 40,6% (20,1% untuk laki-laki dan 20,5% untuk perempuan). Perbedaan prevalensi yang cukup besar mendorong diperlukan penetapan nilai cut-off parameter diagnosis sarkopenia spesifik pada populasi lansia Indonesia yang tinggal di komunitas untuk dapat menentukan prevalensi sarkopenia lebih akurat. [MKB. 2016;48(3):164-70] Kata kunci: Cut-off, lansia, komunitas, prevalensi, sarkopenia Sarcopenia Prevalence In Community-Dwelling Elderly based on Two Cut-off Points Diagnosis Parameters AbstractSarcopenia, aging muscle mass loss, and function syndromes can lead to decreased quality of life and increased elderly mortality. The availability of various screening methods and operational definitions in different studies has produced different findings of sarcopenia prevalence. The purpose of this study was to discover the prevalence of sarcopenia in Indonesian community-dwelling elderly based on muscle mass measured by bioimpedance analysis, handgrip strength using hand dynamometer, and physical performance based on six minutes walking test with two different cut-off point parameters of sarcopenia, i.e. the cut-off point recommended by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) and the cut-off point based on the reference used in Taiwan elderly population reference due to the lack of references for Indonesian elderly population. A cross-sectional study was conducted to 229 participants (71 men and 158 women) from the community-dwelling elderly population between August and December 2014 in Bandung and Jatinangor. The results of the study showed that the sarcopenia prevalence in this study based on AWGS was 9.1% (7.4% in men and 1.7% in women) while the prevalence based on the Taiwan reference revealed a prevalence of 40.6% (20.1% in men and 20.5% in women). This highly different prevalences shows the importance of defining...

Background: Cognitive impairment is one of the most common post-stroke complications; however, neither patients nor health professionals are often aware of this complication. The impact of cognitive impairment on quality of life is reflected through basic activity daily living (bADL) and instrumental activity daily living (IADL). Prior studies concerning the correlation between cognitive impairment and activity daily living has shown contradictive results. This study was conducted in order to analyze the correlation between the cognitive functions and activity daily living in post stroke patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out to 23 post-stroke patients from September-November 2015. Samples were collected through consecutive sampling at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess the cognitive functions and Lawton and Brody Scale to assess both bADL and IADL. Spearman correlation was selected to analyze the existing correlation between each cognitive domain and activity daily living. Results: Spearman statistical correlation showed an insignificant correlation between the cognitive functions and bADL (r2=0.181, p=0.408) and a significant correlation with IADL was obtained (r2=0.517, p=0.03). The only cognitive domain positively correlated with IADL was orientation to time and verbal recall. Conclusions: There is a correlation between cognitive functions and IADL among post-stroke patients at Dr.

Background: Cognitive processes, specifically spatial abilities, are responsible for integration of daily activities. Many factors contribute to the plasticity of the brain which, furthermore, alter the spatial ability. Physical activity, which can be further grouped into sport and exercise, is a modifiable factor that enhances the cognitive processes through a divergent mechanism. This study aimed to gain further understanding on whether sport differs from exercise in altering spatial ability in athletes and non-athletes. Methods: This observational study compared the spatial ability score of athletes of Indonesia National Sport Comitte (Komite Olahraga Nasional Indonesia, KONI) in West Java (n= 21) and non-athletes (n= 21). Sampling were performed using stratified random technique and data were collected between August and October 2015 which included spatial scores and demographic of subjects. Results: The difference in spatial scores between athletes and non-athletes were not significant (p=0.432). Conclusions: This study suggests an insignificant difference in spatial ability in athletes performing sport and non-athletes performing exercise. Hence, the cognitive component skills in sport experience do not alter the spatial ability.

Objective: To evaluate whether Shaker Exercise can improve dysphagia in MG patients.Methods: Pre-Post test design. Ten patients with a confirmed diagnosis of MG (Osserman class IIB) were recruited for this study. All patients did Shaker exercise an hour after taking their medication,with holding time and repetition which increased gradually for 6 weeks. Examinations using Fiber Optic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) and Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) wereconducted in between.Results: All patients completed 6 weeks of exercise with increased holding time (pre 14±6.11; post 27.5±4.25) and repetition (pre 12.7±6.9; post 20.7±7.75). Only one patient experienced discomfortin their neck muscles. Pre intervention FEES Examination showed that all ten patients have residue (100%), two have spillage (20%), three have penetration risk (30%) and two have aspiration risk(20%). Post intervention showed no residue in seven patients, while three showed decreased residue (70%; 30%; 100%). There was no spillage, penetration risk or aspiration risk in all patients. Pre(11.1±9.386) and post (2.2±2.573) intervention EAT-10 scores show significant improvement (p=0.002).Conclusion: Shaker Exercise can be used safely to improve dysphagia in Myasthenia Gravis patients.Keywords: Myasthenia Gravis, Shaker Exercise, Dysphagia

Introduction: Approximately 60-75% of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have a uremic syndrome that may cause damage to muscle cells, including the diaphragm as respiratory muscle, which is known involved in maintaining postural stability and balance. This study aims to see the effects ofinspiratory muscle training on postural control and functional performance in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis twice a week.Methods: This single-blind randomized controlled trial enrolled 36 participants (45±9 years) allocated randomly into the intervention and control group, receiving intensity of 50% and 10% Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP), respectively. Postural sway (95% ellipse area, anteroposterior (AP), and mediolateral (ML) sway) measured using a force platform in static standing with feet apart (FP1) and together (FP2), and functional performance by Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), assessed at pre-and postintervention.Results: After 8-week, intervention group demonstrated greater improvements on MIP (233.45% vs 141.65%; p=0.0001). Postural sway FP1 and FP2 not significantly improved in intervention group (p > 0.05). The control group showed a significant increase (p = 0.007) in the SPPB score.Conclusion: The inspiratory muscle training has not significantly improved postural control nor functional performance in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. Further research is needed.Keywords: chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, inspiratory muscle training, physical performance,postural control