Spatial solitons in two-photon photorefractive media

Abstract

We provide a theory for spatial solitons due to the two-photon photorefractive effect based on the Castro-Camus model ͓Opt. Lett. 28, 1129 ͑2003͔͒. We present the evolution equation of one-dimensional spatial solitons in two-photon photorefractive media. In steady state and under appropriate external bias conditions, we obtain the dark and bright soliton solutions of the optical wave evolution equation, and also discuss the self-deflection of the bright solitons theoretically by taking into account the diffusion effect.

Gray spatial solitons in biased two-photon photovoltaic photorefractive crystals

“…As we can see, TPSP solitons result from both the spatially non-uniform screening of the applied field (E a or b) and the photovoltaic effect (E p or a), they differ from both screening solitons in a biased non-photovoltaic two-photon PR crystal [23] and photovoltaic solitons in a two-photon PR photovoltaic crystal without an external bias field [26]. In fact, Eq.…”

“…The pattern of the signal beam can induce a spatial dependent charge distribution that gives rise to nonlinear changes of refractive index in the medium. Based on this model, several groups have investigated spatial solitons due to two-photon PR effect in biased or unbiased crystal [23][24][25][26]. Their results not only show the existence of dark and bright spatial solitons, but gray solitons and soliton pair as well.…”

Higher-order space-charge field effects on the self-deflection of two-photon bright photovoltaic spatial solitons

“…Recently, Castro-Camus et al [20] provided a model of the two-photon PR effect. Later, screening solitons [21], PV solitons [22] and SP solitons [23] in two-photon PR crystals have been predicted. On the other hand, incoherently coupled bright-bright, dark-dark, bright-dark, and grey-grey soliton pairs have been predicted for screening solitons [24][25][26] that result from the two-photon PR effect.…”

The impact of temperature on the evolution and self-deflection of spatial optical solitons in photovoltaic photorefractive media

“…Due to the feature of formation at very low laser power and the robustness in both transverse dimensions, PR spatial solitons are promising for the applications in all-optical beam switching and steering, optical interconnects, adaptive waveguiding and the development of novel photonic devices. Up to date, three types of steady state PR scalar solitons, that is screening solitons [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] , photovoltaic solitons [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and screening-photovoltaic (SP) solitons [21][22][23] , have been predicted and found experimentally.Screening solitons are possible in the steady state when an external bias voltage is appropriately applied to a non-photovoltaic PR crystal [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . These screening solitons result from non-uniform screening of the bias field.…”

“…Screening solitons are possible in the steady state when an external bias voltage is appropriately applied to a non-photovoltaic PR crystal [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . These screening solitons result from non-uniform screening of the bias field.…”