“…Geography is a school subject that can develop character and skills in the face of global competition and the industrial revolution 4.0. Skills in geography learning teach students to have geography literacy and map literacy skills (Sugiyanto, Maryani, & Ruhimat, 2018;Wiwik Sri Utami, Sumarmi, Ruja, & Utaya, 2016a;Wiwik Sri Utami, Zain, & Sumarmi, 2018) and spatial intelligence (Kim & Bednarz, 2013;Metoyer & Bednarz, 2017;Mulyadi, Yani, Ismail, & Rosita, 2018;Yani, Mulyadi, & Ruhimat, 2018). However, in the reality, it was found that learning outcomes, skills and geography literacy of high school students are low (Homoki & Sütő, 2013;Utami et al, 2018), including low spatial ability (Metoyer & Bednarz, 2017;Sudatha, Degeng, & Kamdi, 2018), spatial intelligence (Mulyadi et al, 2018), and low spatial thinking (Fleming & Mitchell, 2017;Yusup, Santoso, & Istifarida, 2018).…”