“…Animal geographers engage formal frameworks and structures, considering how they are enacted in practice, and how they interact across scales, from micro-scale decisions to national and international institutions. Cases include: regulation of laboratory animal welfare, and associated political commitments and social understandings (Davies et al, 2018; Greenhough and Roe, 2018); evolving ethical guidelines in cetacean research (Singleton and Lidskog, 2018); practice, politics and bureaucracies of the veterinary Code of Professional Conduct (Donald, 2019); emotional implications of the legal status of dogs (Allen et al, 2019); and application of a Social Licence to Operate – an ‘intangible, unwritten and non-legally binding social contract’ – in the thoroughbred racing industry (Duncan et al, 2018: 318). Without formal guidance, human–animal relations can exist in a ‘legislative grey zone’, as is the case in edible insect farming (Bear, 2019; see also Arppe et al, 2020).…”