The ability to form an efficient interface between material and neural cells is a crucial aspect of the construction of neuroelectrodes. Diamond offers material characteristics that could, by a large extent, improve the performance of neuroelectrodes. The greatest advantage of diamond is a large variety of material and surface properties such as electrical conductivity, surface morphology, and surface chemistry. Such a variety of material characteristics can lead to various cellular responses. Here we compare survival, adhesion, and neurite formation of primary neurons on diamond thin films of various morphology and on their treatment with several types of polymers commonly used to enhance cell adhesion. We found that the variation of surface roughness of nanocrystalline diamond film does not have a major influence on the neuron survival or adhesion. The adhesion of neurons can beinfluenced by the selected type of polymer coating.