“…In recent years, the use of big data, such as social media and mobile phone data, has gradually gained traction as a new method of studying park visitation patterns in view of the limitations of traditional methods and the rapid development of computer science-and internet-related techniques (Chen et al, 2018;Li et al, 2018;Lin et al, 2021;Song et al, 2020a). Many studies using big data focus on park accessibility (Guo et al, 2019a;Hamstead et al, 2018), the spatial and temporal distribution of urban park users (Chen et al, 2018;Liang and Zhang, 2021;Ullah et al, 2020), and the factors in uencing park usage (Fan et al, 2021;Lyu and Zhang, 2019), with these studies aiming to provide references for the planning and construction of urban parks. Although some previous studies based on questionnaires and interviews have revealed that park visit patterns are in uenced by the visitors' age and gender, unfortunately, such visitor data cannot be easily obtained (Song et al, 2020b;Ullah et al, 2019).…”