Spatiotemporal Regulation of the Bone Immune Microenvironment via Dam‐Like Biphasic Bionic Periosteum for Bone Regeneration (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 1/2023)

Electrospun Biomimetic Periosteum Capable of Controlled Release of Multiple Agents for Programmed Promoting Bone Regeneration

“…According to previous reports, calcium salt deposition and bone matrix mineralization are important stages of bone formation. [ 29 ] The formation of calcium nodules in the extracellular matrix was analyzed by Alizarin Red S staining. Coaxial‐Si and Bilayer‐DFO/ASP/Si produced more calcium nodules on days 7 and 14, significantly higher than Coaxial‐B (Figures 5C,D).…”

“…A rat skull defect model is commonly employed to validate the reparative efficacy of the artificial periosteum. [ 29,68 ] It should be emphasized that combining filler repair with an artificial periosteum can significantly enhance its clinical applicability; However, our study is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of biomimetic periosteum in repairing bone defects without incorporating fillers into the rat skull defect model, thus ensuring unambiguous evaluation of the reparative effect. Therefore, to further validate the osteogenic effect of the biomimetic periosteum in vivo, a rat skull bone defect model was established, and replaced the native periosteum with the biomimetic periosteum ( Figures A and S10).…”

“…[ 26–28 ] Several studies have attempted to improve the immune microenvironment, promote angiogenesis, and accelerate bone regeneration through electrospun nanofibers and surface modification to mimic periosteum structures. [ 29,30 ] These artificial periosteums have been confirmed to have positive bone defect repair results; However, these studies did not fully mimic the asymmetric structure and functions of each layer of the natural periosteum. Additionally, bone defect repair requires protection against adverse external tissue effects and an internal microenvironment to regulate osteogenesis.…”

Spatiotemporal Immunomodulation and Biphasic Osteo‐Vascular Aligned Electrospun Membrane for Diabetic Periosteum Regeneration

“…[ 34 ] When a hydrogel is coated on a spinning surface, the hydrogel can act as a “dam” to intercept the release of the classic spinning‐encapsulated drug at the bottom of the hydrogel. [ 35 ] In this experiment, type I collagen hydrogel coating on the surface of ordered spinning may also act as “dam” interception for the acidic environment caused by electrospinning degradation, so as to minimize the cell damage caused by polylactic acid degradation. To gain further insight into the proliferation of the RAW264.7 cells, the cell counting kit‐8 method was performed after coculturing the cells with the four fiber groups for 1, 3, 5, and 7 d (Figure 3d; Figure S3a and b, Supporting Information).…”

A Genetically Engineered “Reinforced Concrete” Scaffold Regulates the N2 Neutrophil Innate Immune Cascade to Repair Bone Defects

“…The expression of genes in the cells was analyzed through RT-PCR as described in the previous report. [54] Adenovirus Regulates Neutrophil Polarization: Cells were seeded in 96well plates, ≈3 to 5 × 10 4 cells/well, and 100 μL of medium was added per well. The virus was diluted to various concentrations, mixed, and cultured in the plate, and the cell state was observed and replaced with a complete medium after 8-12 h. TGF𝛽 (10 ng mL −1 , PeproTech) was used in the positive control group to induce the N2 phenotype.…”