Spawning behavior dynamics at communal egg beds in the squid Doryteuthis (Loligo) pealeii

Shashar, Nadav; Hanlon, Roger T.

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2013.02.011

Cited by 38 publications

(70 citation statements)

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“…Squid are likely to detect such overall environmental luminance through their eyes, although neurons in the photosensitive vesicles (Young, 1978) or rhodopsin located in the skin could also be employed. Squid such as D. pealeii are found nearshore at depths from 3 to 30 m when inshore during the summer (Shashar and Hanlon, 2013;Summers, 1983) and often forage near surface waters of 1-10 m depth at nighttime (Serchuk and Rathjen, 1974). In winter, D. pealeii lives offshore in canyons on the continental slope at depths up to 170 m (Summers, 1967) where light is dim even during the day.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of squid iridescence depends on environmental luminance and peripheral ganglion control

Gonzalez-Bellido

Wardill

Buresch

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Squid display impressive changes in body coloration that are afforded by two types of dynamic skin elements: structural iridophores (which produce iridescence) and pigmented chromatophores. Both color elements are neurally controlled, but nothing is known about the iridescence circuit, or the environmental cues, that elicit iridescence expression. To tackle this knowledge gap, we performed denervation, electrical stimulation and behavioral experiments using the long-fin squid, Doryteuthis pealeii. We show that while the pigmentary and iridescence circuits originate in the brain, they are wired differently in the periphery: (1) the iridescence signals are routed through a peripheral center called the stellate ganglion and (2) the iridescence motor neurons likely originate within this ganglion (as revealed by nerve fluorescence dye fills). Cutting the inputs to the stellate ganglion that descend from the brain shifts highly reflective iridophores into a transparent state. Taken together, these findings suggest that although brain commands are necessary for expression of iridescence, integration with peripheral information in the stellate ganglion could modulate the final output. We also demonstrate that squid change their iridescence brightness in response to environmental luminance; such changes are robust but slow (minutes to hours). The squid's ability to alter its iridescence levels may improve camouflage under different lighting intensities.

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Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of squid iridescence depends on environmental luminance and peripheral ganglion control

Gonzalez-Bellido

Wardill

Buresch

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…At squid egg beds (Shashar and Hanlon 2013) large numbers of squid lay eggs on the substrate over a period of a few nights or more. The spawned-out squids attract scavengers and predators (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<em>Octopus tetricus</em> (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) as an ecosystem engineer

Scheel¹,

Godfrey‐Smith²,

Lawrence³

2014

Sci. Mar.

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Summary:The Sydney octopus (Octopus tetricus) occurs in unusual numbers on a shell bed of its prey remains that have accumulated as an extended midden where additional octopuses excavate dens. Here, O tetricus are ecosystem engineers, organisms that modulate availability of resources to other species and to their own species by causing physical state changes in materials. A community of invertebrate grazers and scavengers has developed on the shell bed. Fishes are attracted to the shell bed in numbers significantly greater than in nearby habitats. Large predators, including wobbegong sharks, were attracted to and fed on concentrations of fish, inhibiting the activities of the original engineers, the octopuses. Positive feedbacks included the accumulation of shell debris, increasing shelter availability for additional octopuses and aggregating fish. Negative feedbacks included reductions of nearby prey size and availability, aggression among octopuses, and predator limitation to octopus activity that would otherwise maintain the shell bed.Keywords: Jervis Bay; social; population density; denning; aggregation. Octopus tetricus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) como ingeniero de ecosistemasResumen: El pulpo Sydney (Octopus tetricus) aparece en cantidades inusuales en un fondo de cascajo producido por los restos de sus presas que se han acumulado como un extenso estercolero donde otros pulpos excavan sus guaridas. Aquí, O. tetricus se comportan como ingenieros del ecosistema, organismos que modulan la disponibilidad de recursos a otras especies y su propia especie provocando cambios físicos en los materiales. Una comunidad de invertebrados herbívoros y carroñeros se desarrolló en el fondo de cascajo. Los peces son atraídos a dicho fondo en número significativamente mayor que en hábitats cercanos. Grandes depredadores, como los tiburones wobbegong son atraídos y se alimentan a partir de concentraciones de peces inhibiendo las actividades originales de los ingenieros de los pulpos. La reacción positiva a la acumulación de escombros incrementa la disponibilidad de refugio para los otros pulpos y la concentración de peces. Los efectos negativos incluyen la reducción de la disponibilidad y el tamaño de los peces, la agresión entre los pulpos, y la limitación de la actividad de los pulpos para mantener el fondo de cascajo como resultado de la presencia de depredadores.

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“…O dimorfismo intrassexual masculino, associado a táticas alternativas de reprodução, é encontrado em diversos grupos de invertebrados e vertebrados (revisado em Taborsky et al, 2008) e é manifestado na forma de diversidade fenotípica caracterizada principalmente por dimorfismo em tamanho, com machos grandes (conhecidos como consorts, majors ou territoriais) e pequenos (conhecidos como sneakers, minors, satélites ou parasitas) (Dominey, 1980;Gross, 1996;Taborsky et al, 2008;Smallegange & Johansson, 2014). De forma geral, os machos maiores possuem estruturas para competição física pela posse e monopolização de recursos e parceiras e adotam táticas dominantes, enquanto os machos menores são desprovidos de armamentos e adotam estratégias furtivas para acessar as fêmeas (Gross, 1996;Shuster & Wade, 2003;Taborsky et al, 2008;Shashar & Hanlon, 2013;Smallegange & Johansson, 2014).…”

Section: Táticas Alternativas De Reprodução E Dimorfismo Intrassexualunclassified

“…Nos moluscos da classe Cephalopoda, a poligamia é a regra geral, com fêmeas e machos apresentando múltiplas cópulas com mais de um parceiro ao longo do período reprodutivo (Drew, 1911;Hanlon, 1998, Iwata et al, 2005. Portanto, a paternidade múltipla e a competição espermática parecem ser processos comuns nas espécies do grupo (Hanlon et al, , 1999Hall & Hanlon, 2002;Naud et al, 2004;Buresch et al, 2001Buresch et al, , 2009Shashar & Hanlon, 2013).…”

Section: Comportamento Reprodutivounclassified

“…Dentre os Decapodiformes, as lulas caracterizam-se pela exibição de diversas formas de interações sociais com coespecíficos e comportamentos gregários, enquanto as sépias são essencialmente solitárias ao longo da maior parte do ciclo de vida (Hanlon & Messenger, 1996). Apesar das diferenças, ambas formam agregados em áreas comuns de desova durante a estação reprodutiva, nos quais um grande número de indivíduos sexualmente ativos envolvese em comportamentos sexuais complexos, cópulas múltiplas e interações agonísticas entre machos (Hanlon, 1996(Hanlon, , 1998Hanlon et al, 1999Hanlon et al, , 2002Hanlon et al, , 2005Naud et al, 2004;Shaw & Sauer, 2004;Shashar & Hanlon, 2013).…”

Section: Comportamento Reprodutivounclassified

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Caracterização do dimorfismo intrassexual masculino de Doryteuthis plei (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) como base para compreensão dos mecanismos de competição espermática em lulas

Apostólico¹

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extremamente inovadora para cefalópodes. Apesar de tratar-se de um campo ainda completamente inexplorado para o grupo, espera-se que esses resultados contribuam para a compreensão dos fatores responsáveis pela expressão sequencial de fenótipos alternativos e pela determinação do dimorfismo intrassexual em lulas. 4 AbstractSexual selection comprises a powerful force that intensively influences the reproductive success of each individual. Since its theoretical formulation in the nineteenth century, cumulative evidence regarding the existence of polyandry in females has expanded its initial concept, once it became clear that offspring paternity disputes were not limited to the competition for female access, but that they could in fact be prolonged even after copulation. In the 1970s, this male post-copulatory dispute was formalized under the concept of sperm competition, which aims at maximizing the success of one male's sperm over its competitors in the fertilization of females' eggs. Evidence gathered from a growing number of taxa has shown that intense pre and post-copulatory competition between males is also one of the responsible sources for the evolution and maintenance of alternative reproductive tactics within a species, in which males that are less successful in mate guarding and fighting contests with conspecifics adopt sneaking and opportunistic behaviors as a way to ensure some mating success. In many species, alternative mating tactics are not restricted to behavioral differences between males, being also related to a phenotypic diversity, with discontinuous morphological and physiological traits and distinct life histories between conspecifics, a phenomenon known as intrasexual dimorphism. In loliginid squids, the existence of alternative morphs (sneaker and consort males) has already been reported for several species, and it is has been correlated to behavioral differences, specially related to mating position and spermatophore deposition sites within the female's body. However, the association between alternative mating tactics and male intrasexual dimorphism is virtually unexplored, except for the species Heterololigo bleekeri, in which such dimorphism has been extensively studied over the last decade. In this context, the present Master's Dissertation aimed to investigate the existence of male intrasexual dimorphism in Doryteuthis plei (Blainville, 1823), a squid of commercial importance in southern and southeastern Brazil, and for which such dimorphism has never been investigated, although indirect evidence suggests its existence. Using morphological analyses and statistical models, the first chapter describes the presence of such dimorphism in the species, which was detected based on the identification of two body size classes of sexually mature males, characterized by spermatophores and spermatangia displaying discontinuous morphologies between each other.Moreover, spermatangia sampled from both body size classes were congruent with those implanted on distinct female sites, a result that allowed...

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Spawning behavior dynamics at communal egg beds in the squid Doryteuthis (Loligo) pealeii

Cited by 38 publications

References 46 publications

Expression of squid iridescence depends on environmental luminance and peripheral ganglion control

Expression of squid iridescence depends on environmental luminance and peripheral ganglion control

<em>Octopus tetricus</em> (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) as an ecosystem engineer

Caracterização do dimorfismo intrassexual masculino de Doryteuthis plei (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) como base para compreensão dos mecanismos de competição espermática em lulas

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