Species’ Range Dynamics Affect the Evolution of Spatial Variation in Plasticity under Environmental Change

Schmid, Max; Dallo, Ramon; Guillaume, Frédéric

doi:10.1086/703171

Cited by 17 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…In our study, the asymmetrical increase in species richness is likely underpinned by faster rates of warming occurring at high latitudes (Loarie et al, 2009; IPCC, 2014), as well as within Finland (Virkkala & Lehikoinen, 2014). Therefore, populations at the poleward range margin may be able to expand quickly into new geographical areas, following faster shifting local conditions (Schmid, Dallo, & Guillaume, 2019; Sunday et al, 2012). On the other hand, trailing‐edge populations at the equatorial range margin, which are likely expericencing slower local changes, may not be moving as quickly, nor may they be facing conditions beyond their thermal optima.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting latitudinal patterns in diversity and stability in a high‐latitude species‐rich moth community

Antão

Pöyry

Leinonen

et al. 2020

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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Aim Biodiversity is currently undergoing rapid restructuring across the globe. However, the nature of biodiversity change is not well understood, as community‐level changes may hide differential responses in individual population trajectories. Here, we quantify spatio‐temporal community and stability dynamics using a long‐term high‐quality moth monitoring dataset. Location Finland, Northern Europe. Time period 1993–2012. Major taxa studied Nocturnal moths (Lepidoptera). Methods We quantified patterns of change in species richness, total abundance, dominance and temporal variability at different organizational levels over a 20 year period and along a latitudinal gradient of 1,100 km. We used mixed‐effects and linear models to quantify temporal trends for the different community and stability metrics and to test for latitudinal (or longitudinal) effects. Results We found contrasting patterns for different community metrics, and strong latitudinal patterns. While total moth abundance has declined, species richness has simultaneously increased over the study period, but with rates accelerating with latitude. In addition, we revealed a latitudinal pattern in temporal variability—the northernmost locations exhibited higher variability over time, as quantified by both metrics of richness and aggregated species population trends. Main conclusions When combined, our findings likely reflect an influx of species expanding their ranges poleward in response to warming. The overall decline in abundance and the latitudinal effect on temporal variability highlight potentially severe consequences of global change for community structure and integrity across high‐latitude regions. Importantly, our results underscore that increases in species richness may be paralleled by a loss of individuals, which in turn might affect higher trophic levels. Our findings suggest that the ongoing global species redistribution is affecting both community structure and stability over time, leading to compounded and partly opposing effects of global change depending on which biodiversity dimension we focus on.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting latitudinal patterns in diversity and stability in a high‐latitude species‐rich moth community

Antão

Pöyry

Leinonen

et al. 2020

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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“…2015; Schmid et al. 2019; but see Slatyer and Schoville 2016). Across and within species, some responses to cold stress are strongly correlated.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Thus, an individual's cold tolerance comprises a series of traits that determine its ability to prevent and recover from cold injury. Like many ecological traits, cold tolerance is determined by a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors (Pfennig et al 2010;Ørsted et al 2018, Ørsted et al 2019, and intra-and interspecific variation in cold tolerance among wild populations from different thermal environments is well documented (Bale et al 2002;Hoffmann et al 2002;Hazell et al 2008;Kellermann et al 2012a;2012b;Andersen et al 2015;Schmid et al 2019; but see Slatyer and Schoville 2016). Across and within species, some responses to cold stress are strongly correlated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Distinct cold tolerance traits independently vary across genotypes inDrosophila melanogaster

et al. 2020

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Cold tolerance, the ability to cope with low temperature stress, is a critical adaptation in thermally variable environments. An individual's cold tolerance comprises several traits including minimum temperatures for growth and activity, ability to survive severe cold, and ability to resume normal function after cold subsides. Across species, these traits are correlated, suggesting they were shaped by shared evolutionary processes or possibly share physiological mechanisms. However, the extent to which cold tolerance traits and their associated mechanisms covary within populations has not been assessed. We measured five cold tolerance traits—critical thermal minimum, chill coma recovery, short‐ and long‐term cold tolerance, and cold‐induced changes in locomotor behavior—along with cold‐induced expression of two genes with possible roles in cold tolerance (heat shock protein 70 and frost)—across 12 lines of Drosophila melanogaster derived from a single population. We observed significant genetic variation in all traits, but few were correlated across genotypes, and these correlations were sex‐specific. Further, cold‐induced gene expression varied by genotype, but there was no evidence supporting our hypothesis that cold‐hardy lines would have either higher baseline expression or induction of stress genes. These results suggest cold tolerance traits possess unique mechanisms and have the capacity to evolve independently.

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“…τ , reflecting a common assumption (e.g., [24,25]) that the same environmental variable determines both the plastic response and the optimal phenotype. For simplicity, we use θ (i) τ to denote both the optimal phenotype and the environmental cue that affects the plastic response.…”

Section: Local Population Size In Deme I In Generation τ θ (I) τmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasticity may be an important mechanism for populations to buffer environmental changes, as shown both empirically [17,18,19,20,21,22] and theoretically [9,13,16,23,24,25]. This is especially true when plasticity is adaptive (moving phenotypes towards the local optimum) [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The role of phenotypic plasticity in the establishment of range margins

Eriksson

Rafajlović

2021

Preprint

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It has been argued that adaptive phenotypic plasticity may facilitate range expansions over spatially and temporally variable environments. However, plasticity may induce fitness costs. This may hinder the evolution of plasticity. Earlier modelling studies examined the role of plasticity during range expansions of populations with fixed genetic variance. However, genetic variance evolves in natural populations. This may critically alter model outcomes. We ask: How does the capacity for plasticity in populations with evolving genetic variance alter range margins that populations without the capacity for plasticity are expected to attain? We answered this question using computer simulations and analytical approximations. We found a critical plasticity cost above which the capacity for plasticity has no impact on the expected range of the population. Below the critical cost, by contrast, plasticity facilitates range expansion, extending the range in comparison to that expected for populations without plasticity. We further found that populations may evolve plasticity to buffer temporal environmental fluctuations, but only when the plasticity cost is below the critical cost. Thus, the cost of plasticity is a key factor involved in range expansions of populations with the potential to express plastic response in the adaptive trait.

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Species’ Range Dynamics Affect the Evolution of Spatial Variation in Plasticity under Environmental Change

Cited by 17 publications

References 90 publications

Contrasting latitudinal patterns in diversity and stability in a high‐latitude species‐rich moth community

Contrasting latitudinal patterns in diversity and stability in a high‐latitude species‐rich moth community

Distinct cold tolerance traits independently vary across genotypes inDrosophila melanogaster

The role of phenotypic plasticity in the establishment of range margins

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