Specific Calcium Antagonists in the Treatment of Peripheral Vascular Disease

Emanuel, M. B.

doi:10.1177/000331977903000704

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The decrease in regional blood flow during an attack of migraine is most probably due to a vasoconstriction [42][43][44][45]. It has been suggested that blood viscosity might play a role in the functional vascular diseases [46][47][48][49]. A significant change in viscosity measured before, during or after the cold test, in patients with vasospastic syndrome has never been observed [50].…”

Section: Etiology and Pathogenesis Of Vascular Spasmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of vasospasm on visual function

Gasser¹,

Flammer²

1987

Doc Ophthalmol

113

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In a number of patients with etiologically unexplained visual field loss, a vasospastic syndrome could be found with the help of a capillaroscopic local cooling test on the fingers. In the patients with proven vasospastic syndrome, the visual field defects were increased after a cold water test and decreased after a therapy with calcium entry blockers. General aspects of the physiology and pathophysiology of the circulation and especially of the circulation in the eye are presented.

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Section: Etiology and Pathogenesis Of Vascular Spasmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of vasospasm on visual function

Gasser¹,

Flammer²

1987

Doc Ophthalmol

113

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“…Flunarizine [(E)-l-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl-4-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-piperazine dihydrochloride], a selective calcium entry blocker [55,16,57], causes selective inhibition of SMC contractions [54] and of intracellular Ca 2+ deposition [8].…”

Section: The Drugmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation and endothelial permeability with flunarizine in vitro and in experimental atheromas

1985

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Repeated weak electrical stimulations of rabbit carotid artery walls with implanted electrodes cause intimal proliferations of smooth muscle cells (SMC) and lead to fibromuscular plaques beneath the anode. If the animals receive a cholesterol-enriched diet the plaques become typical atheromas. The endothelial lining is maintained. The procedure for the production of an atheroma with 11 +/- 4 layers of SMC lasts 4 weeks. Addition of the calcium antagonist Flunarizine to the food during the stimulation periods inhibits the growth of the plaque. The inhibition is dose-dependent. Whether the drug inhibits atherogenesis by direct action on SMC or via an effect on permeation of macromolecules through the endothelium has been studied by measurement of (1) peroxidase (MW 40,000 dalton) permeability through the stimulated endothelium of the artery and (2) the inhibitory effects of Flunarizine on cultures of arterial SMC. Endothelial permeability increases for some hours after stimulation mainly beneath the anode. Flunarizine inhibits the permeation of peroxidase through the endothelial lining for the most part by its action on intercellular transport. The drug also inhibits the growth of SMC in mass cultures and clone cultures. The inhibition of proliferation is not specific for SMC. Skin fibroblasts obtained from the same animals as the artery smooth muscle cells are also inhibited in mass cultures and clone cultures. From the results it can be concluded that Flunarizine exerts its inhibitory action not only by its effect on the permeation through the endothelial lining but by a combined action on permeability and proliferation of cells in the artery wall.

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“…It acts as a peripheral labyrinth sedative, probably by blocking the calcium-influx from the endolymph to the vestibular sensory cells (12Y14) and by improving blood perfusion and metabolic activity in the vestibular nuclei (15). Cinnarizine is used in the dose range of 15 to 30 mg for the treatment of motion sickness, and it has been reported to be effective in the prevention of seasickness (14,16,17).…”

Section: Cinnarizine (20 Mg) and Dimenhydrinate (40 Mg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

No Effects of Anti-Motion Sickness Drugs on Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials Outcome Parameters

Vanspauwen¹,

Weerts²,

Hendrickx³

et al. 2011

Otology &Amp; Neurotology

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The absence of clinically significant effects can be explained by the predominant presence of the target receptors for the applied drugs in the medial vestibular nucleus, which receives the lowest grade of saccular projections. It also can be hypothesized that the VEMP methodology and techniques in general do not allow determining pharmacologic effects in a healthy group of subjects because of a too small discriminative power. The left-right asymmetry can be explained by a depressive action of the drugs on the central compensation mechanisms. Because there were no significant differences between the VEMP parameters obtained after intake of the placebos of both blocks, we concluded that there were no training effects.

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Specific Calcium Antagonists in the Treatment of Peripheral Vascular Disease

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Influence of vasospasm on visual function

Influence of vasospasm on visual function

Inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation and endothelial permeability with flunarizine in vitro and in experimental atheromas

No Effects of Anti-Motion Sickness Drugs on Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials Outcome Parameters

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