To explore the distributed dispatching and scheduling algorithm of educational resources, based on the vector space model, the user and resource description model is built. In addition, the user interest representation method based on the background and tense vector space model (BTVSM) is proposed, and the distributed architecture based on the scheduling server is used to provide the personalized distribution service to the resource users. At the same time, the task scheduling model and algorithm are analyzed. The task scheduling optimization based on ant colony algorithm is mainly used in the scheduling server, and the simulation experiment is designed to verify the effectiveness of distributed dispatching and task scheduling algorithm for educational resources. The experimental results prove the validity of the application of distributed dispatching and scheduling algorithm based on VSM in specific systems, and it can effectively solve the allocation problem between the resource user group and the distributed dispatching center.