Spectral Analysis of Impact Shock during Running

Shorten, Martyn R.; Winslow, Darcy S.

doi:10.1123/ijsb.8.4.288

Cited by 154 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…While a single uniaxial sensor has a mass below 1 gram and a natural frequency of 10 kHz, the encased triaxial accelerometric device has a mass of 12 grams and tests on the mounted device revealed natural frequencies between 75-100 Hz, which is similar to previous reports (Shorten and Winslow 1992). The tibial accelerometer was mounted with the vertical sensing axis aligned to the longitudinal axis of the tibia.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Shock Wavesupporting

confidence: 52%

Impulse-forces during walking are not increased in patients with knee osteoarthritis

et al. 2006

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Background Impulsive forces in the knee joint have been suspected to be a co-factor in the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis. We thus evaluated the impulsive sagittal ground reaction forces (iGRF), shock waves and lower extremity joint kinematics at heel strike during walking in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients and compared them to those in healthy subjects.Subjects and methods We studied 9 OA patients and 10 healthy subjects using three-dimensional gait analyses concentrated on the heel strike. Impulse GRF (iGRF) was measured together with peak accelerations (PA) at the tibial tuberosity and sacrum. Sagittal lower extremity joint angles at heel strike were extracted from the gait analyses. As OA is painful and pain might alter movement strategies, the patient group was also evaluated following pain relief by intraarticular lidocaine injections.Results The two groups showed similar iGRF, similar tibial and sacral PA, and similar joint angles at heel strike. Following pain relief, the OA patients struck the ground with more extended hip and knee joints and lower tibial PA compared to the painful condition. Although such changes occurred after pain relief, all parameters were within their normal ranges.Interpretation OA patients and healthy subjects show similar impulse-forces and joint kinematics at heel strike. Following pain relief in the patient group, changes in tibial PA and in hip and knee joint angles were observed but these were still within the normal range. Our findings make us question the hypothesis that impulse-forces generated at heel strike during walking contribute to progression of OA.

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Section: Assessment Of the Shock Wavesupporting

confidence: 52%

Impulse-forces during walking are not increased in patients with knee osteoarthritis

et al. 2006

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“…Hoshino and Wallace (1987) found an 80% increase in peak transmitted force through knee joints with knee replacements when compared to intact knee joints. It has been shown that higher frequency accelerations (greater than 6 Hz) are attenuated by the body and are not transmitted to the head during running, irrespective of the magnitude of the shock measured at the shank (Shorten and Winslow, 1992). The sum total of all the force attenuating properties in the skeletal system is undoubtedly high whereas in rigid pin-linked simulation models accelerations are transmitted instantaneously and undamped through the rigid link system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models incorporating pin joints are suitable for simulating performance but unsuitable for simulating internal loading

Allen

King

Yeadon

2012

Journal of Biomechanics

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Additional Information:• This article was published in the Journal of Biomechan- AbstractSimulation models of human movement comprising pin-linked segments have a potential weakness for reproducing accurate ground reaction forces during high impact activities. While the human body contains many compliant structures such a model only has compliance in wobbling masses and in the foot-ground interface. In order to determine whether accurate GRFs can be produced by allowing additional compliance in the footground interface, a subject-specific angle-driven computer simulation model of triple jumping with 13 pin-linked segments was developed, with wobbling masses included within the shank, thigh, and trunk segments. The foot-ground interface was represented by spring-dampers at three points on each foot: the toe, ball, and heel. The parameters of the spring-dampers were varied by a genetic algorithm in order to minimise the differences between simulated GRFs, and those measured from the three phases of a triple jump in three conditions: (a) foot spring compression limited to 20 mm; (b) this compression limited to 40 mm; (c) no restrictions. Differences of 47.9%, 15.7%, and 12.4% between simulation and recorded forces were obtained for the 20 mm, 40 mm, and unrestricted conditions respectively. In the unrestricted condition maximum compressions of between 43 mm and 56 mm were obtained in the three phases and the mass centre position was within 4 mm of the actual position at these times. It is concluded that the unrestricted model is appropriate for simulating performance whereas the accurate calculation of internal forces would require a model that incorporates compliance elsewhere in the link system.

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“…Although it is a surrogate measure of bone loading, tibial shock actually provides a more direct estimate of the load acting on the tibia itself than ground reaction forces. Ground reaction forces represent the net forces acting on the center of mass of the whole body (27). Tibial shock, therefore, may be a more sensitive discriminator of runners at higher risk of TSF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Factors in the Etiology of Tibial Stress Fractures

Davis¹

2006

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 01-08-2006 REPORT TYPE Annual DATES COVERED (From -To PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBERUniversity of Delaware Delaware, DE 19716-2591 SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5012 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACT:The overall aim of this research is to gain insight into the etiology of tibial stress fractures. Three dimensional motion analysis data along with structural data will be collected from 400 subjects (200 at each site) over a 3-year period. 30 of the subjects will have sustained a tibial stress fracture prior to the study and the other 370 will have not. Subjects will be recruited primarily from track teams, running clubs, and physicians local to the University of Delaware and University of Massachusetts. Within this Annual Report, information concerning adherence to work objectives, preliminary results with respect to the proposed hypotheses, and reportable outcomes are presented for the third year of the investigation. Overall, we have adhered to most work objectives and have proposed plans for rectifying any discrepancies. The preliminary analysis of the data demonstrates encouraging results and support of most hypotheses. SUBJECT TERMS INTRODUCTIONStress fractures can be extremely costly to the military in terms of both time and medical expenses. The tibia is a common site for such injuries and has been most often associated with running, an activity common to all military training. Stress fractures are among the top 5 cited lower extremity injuries sustained by runners Kowal, 1980; Jones, 1983;Pagliano and Jackson, 1980;. They are among the most serious of running-related overuse injuries as they take long to heal and if untreated, can progress to a macrofracture. Females are a growing military contingency and appear to be particularly susceptible, as it has been noted that t...

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Spectral Analysis of Impact Shock during Running

Cited by 154 publications

References 28 publications

Impulse-forces during walking are not increased in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Impulse-forces during walking are not increased in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Models incorporating pin joints are suitable for simulating performance but unsuitable for simulating internal loading

Biomechanical Factors in the Etiology of Tibial Stress Fractures

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