Spectroscopic changes in fatty acids

Houston, J.

doi:10.1042/bj0331626

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Milk fat usually contains traces of conjugated diand tri-enoic fatty acids and in these experiments the values were about 0-7 % and about 0-06%, respectively, before tung oil was aminitered. In agreement with the findings of Houston, Cotton, Kon & Moore (1939), the conjugated trienoic fatty acid content of the milk fat increased when tung oil was administered, reaching maximum values of 0-18, 0-21 and 0-33 %, respectively, in the three animals. However, in contradistinction to the findings of Houston et al (1939) that no increase in the conjugated dienoic content of the milk fat could be detected, we observed an increase in the content of this species of acid to values of 1*6, 1 7 and 2 4%.…”

Section: Proceedings Of the Biochemcal Societysupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In agreement with the findings of Houston, Cotton, Kon & Moore (1939), the conjugated trienoic fatty acid content of the milk fat increased when tung oil was administered, reaching maximum values of 0-18, 0-21 and 0-33 %, respectively, in the three animals. However, in contradistinction to the findings of Houston et al (1939) that no increase in the conjugated dienoic content of the milk fat could be detected, we observed an increase in the content of this species of acid to values of 1*6, 1 7 and 2 4%. The maximum values for both conjugated dienoic and trienoic acids were reached at about the time of the last drench of tung oil and were followed by a gradual return to normal values.…”

Section: Proceedings Of the Biochemcal Societysupporting

confidence: 90%

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Proceedings of the Biochemical Society

1957

Biochemical Journal

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For many animal products, reaction with fluoro-2:4dinitrobenzene (FDNB), followed by acid-hydrolysis and ether-washing left solutions in which only E-DNP-lysine appeared to give significant colour (Carpenter & Ellinger, 1955). This measure of lysine related closely to the products' 'gross protein values' (G.P.V.) for chicks in assays where conditions make lysine the usual limiting factor (Carpenter, Ellinger, Munro & Rolfe, 1957). Vegetable materials gave interfering colours in this procedure. A modification uses the reaction of methoxycarbonyl chloride (MC-Cl) with a-amino-groups (Chibnall & Spahr, 1957); with E-DNP-lysine one obtains the ethersoluble (Bailey, 1957): DNP-NH* (CH2)4* CH(COOH) * NH-CO OCH3. Ground material is shaken with FDNB as before. We now hydrolyse with 24 ml. 8-1 N-HCI, reflux 16 hr. and make the filtrate to 100 ml. with water. 0-3-1-0 ml. is added to a glass-stoppered tube, extracted twice with 5 ml. di-ethyl ether, and dissolved ether removed by warming. The residue is made alkaline with 2 N-NaOH (after titration of a dummy aliquot plus phenolphthalein) and shaken with 2ml. of a buffer (8 % w/v NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 mixed to give pH 8-5). 0-05 ml. MC-Cl is added with shaking and, after 10 min., 0-75 ml. conc. HCI. Two 5 ml. portions of di-ethyl ether are then shaken in the tube, recovered and evaporated. The residue is redissolved in 10 ml. 1 N-HCI with warming, and read in an absorptiometer (601 filter: 435 mjL). The extinction is compared with those for E-DNP-lysine aliquots carried through the procedure, and the lysine equivalent calculated. Nine samples of oilseed , cereal and grass products (Carpenter, Duckworth, Ellinger & Shrimpton, 1955) and eight samples of leaf protein concentrates processed in different ways (Cowlishaw, Eyles, Raymond & Tilley, 1956) gave values from 1-9 to 4.9 g. lysine/16 g. N, which showed a highly significant correlation (r = 0-84) with their G.P.V. figures. The procedure may therefore prove useful in grading vegetable products. Unfortunately, carbohydrates can increase the loss of DNP-lysine during hydrolysis. Also, chromatography with mixed organic solvents on buffered paper (Blackburn & Lowther, 1951) reveals an interfering band in some cases, though on elution this has shown little extinction at 435 m,u. We thank Dr K. Bailey and Dr F. Sanger for advice and chemicals, the Grassland Research Institute for test samples, and du Pont and Co. for a grant (D. B.).

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Section: Proceedings Of the Biochemcal Societysupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Proceedings Of the Biochemcal Societysupporting

confidence: 90%

Proceedings of the Biochemical Society

1957

Biochemical Journal

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“…Hilditch & Jasperson have shown that neither the natural cw-A 9 -cis-A 12 -linoleic acid found in seed fats nor the £rans-A 8 -<rans-A 12 -isomer is present to any appreciable extent, but it is still unsettled as to whether either of the other two geometrical forms of this compound is present. The view that the linoleic acid of butterfat is a different isomer from that in seed fat has also been suggested by the work of Houston et al (153), who found that the most unsaturated fractions of butterfat show marked spectroscopic absorption at 230/u. which does not occur with the linoleic acid of seed fat or with that contained in grass.…”

Section: Biochemical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section A. Physiology of Dairy Cattle

Smith

1941

Journal of Dairy Research

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More recent figures which are available for Finland (2) suggest that in that country over 36% of the cattle culled from dairy herds, whether of the Ayrshire or local breeds, are rejected for this same reason. Since much of the sterility in the bovine is functional rather than pathological, it is natural that the physiological aspects of a subject, so all-important to the dairy farmer, should continue to be studied in many research schools. For a clear and concise account of recent advances in this direction, reference should be made to a paper read by Hammond (3) at the Annual Congress of the National Veterinary Medical Association. The paper was very fully discussed by a number of prominent authorities and details of the discussion are published. Various factors, such as inadequate exercise, anatomical and functional hypertrophy of the mammary gland, hormone control and nutrition, were debated. For an excellent guide to present-day knowledge on the subject of nutrition as it affects fertility and reproduction, the reader should refer to an article by Crowther (4) in which the requirements of energy, protein, vitamins and minerals are lucidly discussed. The subject-matter is presented in a way which will be of much value to those interested in the practical aspects of animal husbandry. General articles have also appeared on the same subject by Campbell(5, 6), and by Mclntosh(7, 8). The latter deals particularly with diets deficient in phosphorus and vitamin A. The results of original work carried out during the past few years on the feeding of cattle in connexion with reproduction have been published recently by a number of authors. Smirnov-Ugrjumov & Laptev (9,10) report that liberal supplies of green foods and protein, particularly protein of animal origin, such as that contained in blood meal or skimmed milk, are most efficacious in increasing sexual activity and spermatogenesis in bulls. One reason for the value of green foods in this direction may be their content of vitamin C. The essential nature of this vitamin for fertility in the bull has been investigated by Phillips & Lardy(ii), who claim that lost fertility could frequently be restored by subcutaneous injection of ascorbic acid. They found that potent bull semen normally contains 1-5-3-5 mg. of this vitamin per 100 ml., and that values below 1 mg. and greater than i mg. were associated with very poor fertility and most unreliable breeding records. Owing to the importance of vitamin E for reproduction in some species it is natural that this factor should also be studied in connexion with bovine fertility. The view is generally held, however, that although vitamin E is probably an essential food factor for normal reproduction in farm animals, it is never likely to be of importance in actual practice, since it is so prevalent in much of the food normally fed on the farm. A paper by Underbjerg et al. (12) confirms this view in regard to the dairy goat. A general discussion on sterility as it is affected by such factors as climate, nutrition and endocrino...

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The Biochemistry of Fatty Acid Catabolism

Breusch¹

1948

Advances in Enzymology - And Related Areas of Molecular Biology

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Spectroscopic changes in fatty acids

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Proceedings of the Biochemical Society

Proceedings of the Biochemical Society

Section A. Physiology of Dairy Cattle

The Biochemistry of Fatty Acid Catabolism

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