Spray drying of juçara pulp aiming to obtain a “pure” powdered pulp without using carrier agents

Advances in spray drying of sugar-rich products

“…The comparative characteristic of spray drying of sugar-rich food performed without the carrier and with the application of different types of carriers and drying aids. up to 66% [20] Bioactive compounds are not diluted.…”

“…Spray drying without carriers allows to avoid dilution of the bioactive compounds, the changes in the natural color and taste of the food product and to reduce the process costs related to the carrier. Product yields of up to 66% for spray drying of jussara pulp without application of the carrier are reported in the literature, [20] but spray drying without the carrier may only be performed for a limited number of products and needs adhering to restrictive process parameters: low air humidity and outlet air temperature.…”

“…The flowability may be evaluated by Carr Index (CI) or Hausner Ratio (HR). Based on the Carr Index powders flowability might be classified as very good (< 15), good (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), fair (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35), bad (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45), and very bad (>45). [60] According to Hausner ratio powder cohesiveness may be classified as low (high flowability) for HR <1.2, medium 1.2-1.4 and high for HR >1.4 (low flowability).…”

“…Pereira et al [20] has carried out spray drying of jussara (Euterpe edulis M.) pulp without a carrier. Jussara is palm tree native to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest commonly cultivated for fruit juice and palm heart.…”

“…The studies on sugar-rich spray drying products without carrier addition are limited to products with a relatively low content of sugar and acid, for instance jussara pulp (52.54% of sugars and 5% of acids in dry matter) has been dried with a product yield of 66%. [20] However, a zero product yield for watermelon juice [70] and for persimmon pulp [51] while spray drying without a carrier was reported. Thus, the effectiveness of spray drying without the addition of a carrier is directly related to the type and composition of the food material, the T g of the powder and the outlet air temperature during the drying process.…”