Spreading behavior of firefighting foam solutions on typical liquid fuel surfaces

Abstract

A series of experiments was performed to investigate the spreading behavior of re ghting foam solutions on liquid fuel surfaces. The spreading coe cients of six kinds of aqueous lm-forming foam solutions and one uorine-free foam solution on the surface of four liquid fuels, namely, cyclohexane, diesel, n-heptane, and ethanol, were calculated on the basis of surface and interfacial tension. Spreading behavior was studied systematically using a high-speed camera, and then the relationship between spreading behavior and spreading coe cient was analyzed. Furthermore, the spreading area and spreading rate of different foam solution droplets on liquid fuel surfaces were studied in depth. The spreading amount of the foam solution droplets on the liquid fuel surfaces was measured. Four typical spreading phenomena, namely, spreading, suspension, dissolution, and sinking, of AFFF solutions on liquid fuel surfaces were identi ed. Moreover, a positive spreading coe cient did not necessarily lead to the formation of an aqueous lm. The spreading area, spreading rate, and spreading amount were not proportional to the spreading coe cient. During the evaluation of the spreading property of re ghting foam, the spreading coe cient, spreading rate, and spreading amount must be focused on instead of only the spreading coe cient.