Springtime coupling between ice algal and phytoplankton assemblages in southeastern Hudson Bay, Canadian Arctic

Michel, Christine; Legendre, Louis; Therriault, Jean‐Claude; Demers, Serge; Vandevelde, Thierry

doi:10.1007/bf00233135

Cited by 75 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Microscopic evidence suggests that these algae did not contribute significantly to the pelagic community as proposed by Smith & Nelson (1985) and Michel et al (1993). Rather, they sedimented quickly out of the euphotic zone and formed a transient food resource for pelagic grazers, when released from the melting ice.…”

Section: Ice-water Interactions and The Winter-spring Transitionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Annual succession of marine pelagic protozoans in Disko Bay, West Greenland, with emphasis on winter dynamics

Levinsen¹,

Nielsen²,

Hansen³

2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The succession of pelagic ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates was investigated in Disko Bay, West Greenland, from April 1996 to June 1997. In terms of biomass they contributed equally. Their annual distribution was bimodal with maxima in May/June and August. Summer levels were similar to those reported at lower latitudes. Winter dynamics were different. Due to 2 mo of polar darkness, food concentrations for ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates were below threshold concentrations for growth. Nonetheless, small populations persisted throughout the winter. Both protozoan groups had a concentration of ~0.25 × 10 3 cells l -1. The succession patterns showed that all individual species peaked at different times during the summer months. However, diversity of the winter community was not different from that observed during summer. Even in the polar winter, the autotrophic ciliate Myrionecta rubra and the obligate mixotrophic ciliate Laboea strobila were recorded. Different strategies for winter survival of protozoans are discussed.

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Section: Ice-water Interactions and The Winter-spring Transitionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Annual succession of marine pelagic protozoans in Disko Bay, West Greenland, with emphasis on winter dynamics

Levinsen¹,

Nielsen²,

Hansen³

2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Nutrient limitation induces significant modification in ice algae metabolism, such as in their carbon content (increasing POC: Chl a and POC : PON ratios), in cell-specific lipid content and fatty acid composition, and in carbon isotopic composition, when limited by CO 2 [Palmisano et al, 1988;McMinn et al, 1999;Mock and Gradinger, 2000;Gradinger, 2009]. The changes in cell composition can alter algae sinking rates as well as their aggregation potential, impacting on ice algal export [Riebesell et al, 1991;Michel et al, 1993].…”

Section: Macro-nutrients In Sea Ice and In The Water Columnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Vancoppenolle

Meiners

Michel

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

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217

215

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International audienceObservations from the last decade suggest an important role of sea ice in the global biogeochemical cycles, promoted by (i) active biological and chemical processes within the sea ice; (ii) fluid and gas exchanges at the sea ice interface through an often permeable sea ice cover; and (iii) tight physical, biological and chemical interactions between the sea ice, the ocean and the atmosphere. Photosynthetic micro-organisms in sea ice thrive in liquid brine inclusions encased in a pure ice matrix, where they find suitable light and nutrient levels. They extend the production season, provide a winter and early spring food source, and contribute to organic carbon export to depth. Under-ice and ice edge phytoplankton blooms occur when ice retreats, favoured by increasing light, stratification, and by the release of material into the water column. In particular, the release of iron - highly concentrated in sea ice - could have large effects in the iron-limited Southern Ocean. The export of inorganic carbon transport by brine sinking below the mixed layer, calcium carbonate precipitation in sea ice, as well as active ice-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes, could play a central role in the marine carbon cycle. Sea ice processes could also significantly contribute to the sulphur cycle through the large production by ice algae of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the precursor of sulphate aerosols, which as cloud condensation nuclei have a potential cooling effect on the planet. Finally, the sea ice zone supports significant ocean-atmosphere methane (CH₄) fluxes, while saline ice surfaces activate springtime atmospheric bromine chemistry, setting ground for tropospheric ozone depletion events observed near both poles. All these mechanisms are generally known, but neither precisely understood nor quantified at large scales. As polar regions are rapidly changing, understanding the large-scale polar marine biogeochemical processes and their future evolution is of high priority. Earth system models should in this context prove essential, but they currently represent sea ice as biologically and chemically inert. Palaeoclimatic proxies are also relevant, in particular the sea ice proxies, inferring past sea ice conditions from glacial and marine sediment core records and providing analogues for future changes. Being highly constrained by marine biogeochemistry, sea ice proxies would not only contribute to but also benefit from a better understanding of polar marine biogeochemical cycles

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“…Once exported from the ice, ice algae and other organic materials may be consumed in the water column (Tremblay et al 1989, Michel et al 1997, or supply benthic food webs (Ambrose et al 2001, McMahon et al 2006, Renaud et al 2007. Viable algal cells released from the ice habitat may also seed ice-edge blooms (Michel et al 1993, Haecky et al 1998. The life cycles of some Arctic marine animals appear to be timed to take advantage of sea-ice productivity and export flux (Bradstreet & Cross 1982, Runge et al 1991, Bluhm et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal development and differential retention of ice algae and other organic fractions in first-year Arctic sea ice

Juhl

Krembs²,

Meiners³

2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The temporal evolution of ice algae biomass, particulate and dissolved organic carbon (POC and DOC), and particulate and dissolved carbohydrates (pCHO and dCHO) was followed in land-fast, Arctic sea ice near Barrow, Alaska, USA. POC, DOC, pCHO, and dCHO were found in young ice before algal growth occurred, indicating initial allochthonous sources. In sediment-free ice, particulate organic pools (POC and pCHO) were more strongly related to ice algae biomass than the larger dissolved organic pools (DOC and dCHO). Although algae biomass peaked near the ice bottom, integrating across ice depth showed that most organic matter was found above the bottom layer. Sediment-containing ice held high organic matter concentrations, although peak ice algae biomass was lower than in sediment-free ice. Sediments incorporated in sea ice can be a source of allochthonous organic matter that is comparable to autochthonous contributions by ice algae. In late spring, much of the algae biomass in sediment-free ice was lost, in as little as 5 d. Nevertheless, large POC, DOC, pCHO, and dCHO pools remained in the ice, both near the bottom and in upper layers. Observations of natural ice cores melting in laboratory experiments demonstrated a network of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) remaining attached to the ice bottom, even as the ice structure melted away. This retained EPS may partly explain the POC and carbohydrate pools found in sea ice after the loss of algae. Differential retention of organic matter by seasonal sea ice suggests that the characteristics of material exported from the ice will change as the melt season progresses. The melting bottom of a sea ice core reveals a network of extracellular polymeric substances to which ice algae are attached.

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Springtime coupling between ice algal and phytoplankton assemblages in southeastern Hudson Bay, Canadian Arctic

Cited by 75 publications

References 56 publications

Annual succession of marine pelagic protozoans in Disko Bay, West Greenland, with emphasis on winter dynamics

Annual succession of marine pelagic protozoans in Disko Bay, West Greenland, with emphasis on winter dynamics

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Seasonal development and differential retention of ice algae and other organic fractions in first-year Arctic sea ice

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