Sputtering by highly charged ions: Application of the XY–TOF technique to secondary ion ejection from LiF

AODO: Secondary ion emission and surface modification

“…The experimental setup for the measurement of the complete secondary ion velocity vector and procedures are close to those described in [10,11]. The ion beam is directed onto the target inside the irradiation chamber (labelled 1) in Fig.…”

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Negative LiF Clusters Produced by Fast Ion Impact on a Polycrystalline 7LiF Target

“…Unexpectedly, the results showed the coexistence of multiple emission mechanisms: the Li + and (LiF)Li + ion emission is based on the projectile−target electron interaction, whereas the F − emission depends on the projectile−target nucleus interaction. Toulemonde et al irradiated LiF single crystals by 1 MeV/u swift heavy ions and found that the LiF emission presents a very high secondary yield of neutrals (∼10 4 atoms/ion), and an angular distribution exhibiting an anisotropic jetlike component peaked normal to the sample surface, overlapping an isotropic component. , Higher projectile energies or ion charges were used by Lenoir et al, who bombarded a LiF crystal with Ca 17+ (9 MeV/u) and Xe 21+ (17 keV/ q = 350 keV) ions and reported different energy distributions for each system: the material responds differently to electronic interaction transfer (high-velocity projectiles) and to slow highly charged ion interaction …”

“…18,19 Higher projectile energies or ion charges were used by Lenoir et al, who bombarded a LiF crystal with Ca 17+ (9 MeV/u) and Xe 21+ (17 keV/q ) 350 keV) ions and reported different energy distributions for each system: the material responds differently to electronic interaction transfer (high-velocity projectiles) and to slow highly charged ion interaction. 20 In a different approach, Ponciano et al 21,22 showed that polycrystalline LiF targets bombarded by heavy ions emit cluster ions in excited states, which decay in-flight with lifetimes up to hundreds of nanoseconds after the impact. The (LiF) n Li + emitted ions were analyzed by a TOF reflectron mass spectrometer, allowing coincidence measurements of neutral and ionic fragments of the precursor parent cluster ion.…”