Stabilization of Precursor Solution and Perovskite Layer by Addition of Sulfur

Min, Hanul; Kim, Gwisu; Paik, Min Jae; Lee, Seungwoon; Yang, Woon Seok; Jung, Mooyoung; Seok, Sang Il

doi:10.1002/aenm.201803476

Cited by 89 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The linear correlation (orange) reveals an ohmic‐type response at low bias voltage, when the bias voltage is above the kink point, which defines as the trap‐filled limit voltage ( V TFL ), the current nonlinearly increases (blue), indicating that the traps are completely filled. The trap density ( N t ) can be obtained by

N_{t} = \frac{2 ε_{0} ε V_{TFT}}{e L^{2}}

where ε 0 is the vacuum permittivity, ε is the relative dielectric constant of (FAPbI 3 ) 0.85 (MAPbBr 3 ) 0.15 (≈47), e is the electron charge, and L is the thickness of the film. The trap densities of the perovskite films coated on ITO and D‐M‐ITO substrates are 2.92 × 10 16 and 2.07 × 10 16 cm −3 , respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Interface Energy Band Alignment Optimization and Defect Passivation toward Efficient and Simple‐Structured Perovskite Solar Cell

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advanced Science

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Efficient electron transport layer–free perovskite solar cells (ETL‐free PSCs) with cost‐effective and simplified design can greatly promote the large area flexible application of PSCs. However, the absence of ETL usually leads to the mismatched indium tin oxide (ITO)/perovskite interface energy levels, which limits charge transfer and collection, and results in severe energy loss and poor device performance. To address this, a polar nonconjugated small‐molecule modifier is introduced to lower the work function of ITO and optimize interface energy level alignment by virtue of an inherent dipole, as verified by photoemission spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements. The resultant barrier‐free ITO/perovskite contact favors efficient charge transfer and suppresses nonradiative recombination, endowing the device with enhanced open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, and fill factor, simultaneously. Accordingly, power conversion efficiency increases greatly from 12.81% to a record breaking 20.55%, comparable to state‐of‐the‐art PSCs with a sophisticated ETL. Also, the stability is enhanced with decreased hysteresis effect due to interface defect passivation and inhibited interface charge accumulation. This work facilitates the further development of highly efficient, flexible, and recyclable ETL‐free PSCs with simplified design and low cost by interface electronic structure engineering through facile electrode modification.

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N_{t} = \frac{2 ε_{0} ε V_{TFT}}{e L^{2}}

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Interface Energy Band Alignment Optimization and Defect Passivation toward Efficient and Simple‐Structured Perovskite Solar Cell

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advanced Science

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“…[100] Moreover, the successful incorporation of elemental sulfur in perovskite films was also revealed by ToF-SIMS, which can improve the perovskite solar cells stability due to hydrogen-bonding-like interactions between organic cations and inorganic framework and suppress halide segregation. [101] Several recent works also showed the additives of larger organic spacer cations in MHPs. [102] Lian et al introduced a second organic spacer (PEA + ) cation into the 2D perovskite precursor (BA-layered perovskite), which leads to large grain size over 1 µm and preferential stacking orientation.…”

Section: Additives Infiltration In Mhps Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) for Chemical Characterization of Metal Halide Perovskites

Liu

Lorenz

Ievlev

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Metal halide perovskite (MHP) solar cells have attracted much attention due to the rapidly growing power conversion efficiency that has reached 25.2% in a decade, comparable to established commercial photovoltaic modules. Compositional engineering is one of the most effective methods to boost the performance of MHP solar cells. Further improving the efficiency and the stability of MHP solar cells necessitates good understanding of the chemical–efficiency correlation and the chemical evolution during the degradation of MHP solar cells. In this regard, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) is a powerful tool to investigate the chemical aspect of MHPs and has played an important role in advancing the development of MHP optoelectronics. However, up to date, a review that can guide future utilization of ToF‐SIMS in the MHP development is missing. Herein, the capabilities of ToF‐SIMS in MHP investigations are summarized and analyzed from simple material synthesis and chemical distribution to more complicated device operation mechanism and stability. The strength of ToF‐SIMS in resolving important issues in this field, such as interface composition, ion migration, and degradation in MHP is highlighted. Finally, an outlook with an emphasis on making the utmost of ToF‐SIMS in developing MHP devices is provided.

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“…FA–MA‐based perovskites are widely used as a light harvester, but MA cations can be deprotonated to volatile methylamine (CH 3 NH 2 ) resulting in the loss of MA cations dissolved in the FA solution, thereby the formation of a δ‐FAPbI 3 phase. Min et al illuminated that elemental sulfur (S8) could stabilize the precursor solution on account of the amine‐sulfur coordination . The addition of sulfur did not compromise the PCE of the PSCs.…”

Section: Other Approaches To Improving the Stability Of The Fa‐based mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Stability Enhancement for Formamidinium‐Based Perovskites

et al. 2019

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Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) are one of the hottest fields on account of their immense potential for photovoltaics. As one of the most promising OIHPs, formamidinium (FA)‐based perovskites have been developed very fast in the past few years. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) has reached certified 24.2%, which is comparable with that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells. However, the easy formation of nonperovskite δ‐phase formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) at a low temperature needs to be solved when fabricating a high‐quality light absorber layer. Several strategies have been used to avoid the formation of δ‐phase FAPbI3 and improve phase stability in recent years such as tolerance factor adjustment, dimensional engineering, addictive processing, interfacial modification, defects passivation, and in situ growth. These approaches can enhance the phase stability to some extent; however, their contribution to long‐term stability and especially their real mechanism is still unknown. Herein, the relationships among the tolerance factors, the structure of FAPbI3, and the phase transition phenomenon are summarized. In addition, various methodologies and potential mechanisms for stabilizing α‐phase FAPbI3 at room temperature (RT) are discussed. In conclusion, a series of challenges in the popular processings of perovskite solar cells and their corresponding solutions that help achieve commercialization faster are summarized.

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Stabilization of Precursor Solution and Perovskite Layer by Addition of Sulfur

Cited by 89 publications

References 29 publications

Synergistic Interface Energy Band Alignment Optimization and Defect Passivation toward Efficient and Simple‐Structured Perovskite Solar Cell

Synergistic Interface Energy Band Alignment Optimization and Defect Passivation toward Efficient and Simple‐Structured Perovskite Solar Cell

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) for Chemical Characterization of Metal Halide Perovskites

Review of Stability Enhancement for Formamidinium‐Based Perovskites

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