Stable carbon isotope ratio of secondary particulate organic matter formed by photooxidation of toluene in indoor smog chamber

Irei, Satoshi; Rudolph, J.; Huang, Lin; Auld, J.; Hastie, D. R.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.021

Cited by 44 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The average isotopic composition of the nitrophenols measured in this study, is approximately 4-5 ‰ lighter than that of the precursors. These ambient results are consistent with predictions from laboratory studies (Irei, 2008;Irei et al, 2011) in which the isotope ratio of toluene, as well as that of the sum of all products was monitored over the course of the photooxidation reaction. Similar measurements were made at York University by Moukhtar et al (2011) for nitrophenols in ambient particulate matter.…”

Section: Ambient Measurementssupporting

confidence: 80%

Method for the determination of concentration and stable carbon isotope ratios of atmospheric phenols

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.A method for the determination of the stable carbon isotopic composition of atmospheric nitrophenols in the gas and particulate phases is presented. It has been proposed to use the combination of concentration and isotope ratio measurements of precursor and product to test the applicability of results of laboratory studies to the atmosphere. Nitrophenols are suspected to be secondary products formed specifically from the photooxidation of volatile organic compounds. XAD-4 TM resin was used as an adsorbent on quartz filters to sample ambient phenols using conventional high volume air samplers at York University in Toronto, Canada. Filters were extracted in acetonitrile, with a HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) clean-up step and a solid phase extraction step prior to derivatization with BSTFA (bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide). Concentration measurements were done with gas chromatographymass spectrometry and gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used for isotope ratio analysis.The technique presented allows for atmospheric compound-specific isotopic composition measurements for five semi-volatile phenols with an estimated accuracy of 0.3-0.5 ‰ at atmospheric concentrations exceeding 0.1 ng m −3 while the detection limits for concentration measurements are in the pg m −3 range. Isotopic fractionation throughout the entire extraction procedure and analysis was proven to be below the precision of the isotope ratio measurements. The method was tested by conducting ambient measurements from September to December 2011.

show abstract

Section: Ambient Measurementssupporting

confidence: 80%

Method for the determination of concentration and stable carbon isotope ratios of atmospheric phenols

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To our knowledge, few studies have examined isotope fractionation during SOA formation. [10][11][12] Our previous studies focused on stable carbon isotope ratios (δ 13 C) for total SOA carbon produced by the photooxidation of toluene in a flow reactor and a smog chamber under a variety of experimental conditions. 10,11 In these studies, we found that the KIE for the initial reaction step explained the δ 13 C variation of SOA within the uncertainties of the measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Studies of Carbon Kinetic Isotope Effects on the Production Mechanism of Particulate Phenolic Compounds Formed by Toluene Photooxidation: A Tool To Constrain Reaction Pathways

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, we examined compound-specific stable carbon isotope ratios for phenolic compounds in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed by photooxidation of isotope-label-free toluene. SOA generated by photooxidation of toluene using a continuous-flow reactor and an 8 m(3) indoor smog chamber was collected on filters, which were extracted with acetonitrile for compound-specific analysis. Eight phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts using a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer, and their compound-specific stable carbon isotope ratios were determined using a gas chromatograph coupled with a combustion furnace followed by an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The majority of products, including methylnitrophenols and methylnitrocatechols, were isotopically depleted by 5-6‰ compared to the initial isotope ratio of toluene, whereas the isotope ratio for 4-nitrophenol remained identical to that of toluene. On the basis of the reaction mechanisms proposed in previous reports, stable carbon isotope ratios of these products were calculated. By comparing the observed isotope ratios with the predicted isotope ratios, we explored possible production pathways for the particulate phenolic compounds.

show abstract

“…More recently it also has been suggested that compound specific isotope ratio measurements can be used to study the formation of secondary organic pollutants from VOC degradation in the atmosphere (Irei et al, 2006(Irei et al, , 2011Irei, 2008, Fisseha et al, 2009Li et al, 2010;Iannone et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual data points represent measurements of the carbon isotope ratio of total POM. The flow reactor and smog chamber data are taken from Irei et al (2006, 2011) and Irei (2008. It should be noted that the position of the ambient 2-methyl-4-nitrophenol data along the x-axis does not indicate the extent of toluene processing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for determination of stable carbon isotope ratio of methylnitrophenols in atmospheric particulate matter

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.A technique for the measurement of the stable isotope ratio of methylnitrophenols in atmospheric particulate matter is presented. Atmospheric samples from rural and suburban areas were collected for evaluation of the procedure. Particulate matter was collected on quartz fibre filters using dichotomous high volume air samplers. Methylnitrophenols were extracted from the filters using acetonitrile. The sample was then purified using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and solid phase extraction. The final solution was then divided into two aliquots. To one aliquot, a derivatising agent, Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide, was added for Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. The second half of the sample was stored in a refrigerator. For samples with concentrations exceeding 1 ng µl −1 , the second half of the sample was used for measurement of stable carbon isotope ratios by Gas Chromatography-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry.The procedure described in this paper provides a method for the analysis of methylnitrophenols in atmospheric particulate matter at concentrations as low as 0.3 pg m −3 and for stable isotope ratios with an accuracy of better than ±0.5 ‰ for concentrations exceeding 100 pg m −3 .In all atmospheric particulate matter samples analysed, 2-methyl-4-nitrophenol was found to be the most abundant methylnitrophenol, with concentrations ranging from the low pg m −3 range in rural areas to more than 200 pg m −3 in some samples from a suburban location.

show abstract

Stable carbon isotope ratio of secondary particulate organic matter formed by photooxidation of toluene in indoor smog chamber

Cited by 44 publications

References 33 publications

Method for the determination of concentration and stable carbon isotope ratios of atmospheric phenols

Method for the determination of concentration and stable carbon isotope ratios of atmospheric phenols

Laboratory Studies of Carbon Kinetic Isotope Effects on the Production Mechanism of Particulate Phenolic Compounds Formed by Toluene Photooxidation: A Tool To Constrain Reaction Pathways

Method for determination of stable carbon isotope ratio of methylnitrophenols in atmospheric particulate matter

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About