Stable isotope evidence for an atmospheric origin of desert nitrate deposits in northern Chile and southern California, U.S.A.

Böhlke, John K.; Ericksen, George E.; Révész, Kinga

doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(96)00124-6

Cited by 211 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The stable isotopic composition of indigenous natural ClO4 -from several locations and environments (vadose zone, surface caliche deposits, groundwater) in the southwestern U.S. has recently been reported Hatzinger et al, 2013 concentrations, which resemble those in the Atacama Desert (Ericksen et al, 1983;Böhlke et al, 1997;Lybrand et al, 2013).…”

Section: Clo4mentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of Perchlorate Sources in the Rialto-Colton and Chino California Subbasins using Chlorine and Oxygen Isotope Ratio Analysis

Hatzinger¹,

Boehlke²,

Izbicki³

et al. 2015

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T he public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to a ven:~~ge 1 hour per response. including t he time for reviewing instruction-;. search ing exist ing dat a sources. gathering and maintaining t he data needed. end completing and review ing th e collection of information_ Send comments reg arding t his burden estimate or any othe . Perchlorate in groundwater can be from synthetic or natmal sources. the latter of which include both historical application of impotted nitrate fertilizers fi·om the Atacama Desert of Chile and atmospheric perchlorate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of isotopic data to distinguish somces of perchlorate in groundwater in a specific region of the Rialto-Colton and Chino. CA groundwater subbasins. Perchlorate extrac ted from wells in tlus region was analyzed for chlorine and oxygen stable isotope ratios and radioactive chlorine-36 isotopic abundance. along w ith other geochenucal. isotopic. and hydrogeologic data. The stable isotope and chlOI~ne-36 data provided relatively unambiguous discrinunation of synthetic and Atacama perchlorate sources in most wells having relatively high concentt·ations. providing regional perspective on anthl'Opogenic perchlorate contamination in the Rialto-Colton and Cluno subbasins. Where indigenous natmal perchlorate was indicated as a substantial component. total perchlorate concentt·ations were low and concentrations of anthropogenic components were near backgrotmd levels.

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Section: Clo4mentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of Perchlorate Sources in the Rialto-Colton and Chino California Subbasins using Chlorine and Oxygen Isotope Ratio Analysis

Hatzinger¹,

Boehlke²,

Izbicki³

et al. 2015

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“…This straightforward mathematical result has been recognized by some [Handley et al, 1999], but the concept is obscured with the rates of N cycling and loss in other papers. Virtually all soil systems, with the exception of those in hyperarid climates that have no leaching [Böhlke et al, 1997], are open and have N losses that eventually approach input rates. The key factor controlling the steady state isotopic composition of soils is the value of the fractionation factor a ex .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global patterns of the isotopic composition of soil and plant nitrogen

Amundson

Austin

Schuur

et al. 2003

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

992

955

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[1] We compiled new and published data on the natural abundance N isotope composition (d 15 N values) of soil and plant organic matter from around the world. Across a broad range of climate and ecosystem types, we found that soil and plant d ) with climate. Nitrogen isotopes reflect time integrated measures of the controls on N storage that are critical for predictions of how these ecosystems will respond to humanmediated disturbances of the global N cycle.

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“…• The ratio is not 2:1 (Aravena et al, 1993;Kendall et al, 1995;Wassenaar, 1995;Böhlke et al, 1997;Kendall, 1998;Mayer et al, 2001). If we assume a δ 18 O-HO value of −5% in precipitation corresponding to 800 m asl (Nicolini et al, 1998), the ratio explaining the isotopic values of δ 18 O-NO − 3 subsoil water would be 5:1 and not 2:1.…”

Section: Origin Of δ 18 O In Nitratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of soil pollution by nitrates derived from pig effluent using 18O and 15N isotope analyses

Payet

Nicolini

Rogers

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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-In Réunion Island, expanding human populations, urbanization and agriculture during the last 50 years have all contributed to a steady increase in the level of nitrates in drinking water. Various nitrate point sources are responsible for the nitrate contamination around the island including chemical fertilizers, animal effluent applied to pasture and crops, and urban waste such as sewage and domestic waste water. In terms of agricultural fertilizers, pig effluent is the most widely used, but the cumulative effects of slurry applications on soil water and groundwater are unknown. Our objectives were (1) to characterize and follow in situ the fate of nitrogen through the subsurface after application of pig effluent onto a cultivated soil using stable nitrate isotopes, δ 15 N and δ 18 O, and (2) to compare the isotopic signatures of Réunion Island's principal aquifers with results from the experimental site to infer potential contamination sources. The study was conducted on an experimental field site planted with maize in the western part of Réunion Island during the rainy season. A control site with no fertilizer application to the maize was compared with the investigation site which had pig effluent applied once a year. The site which had pig effluent applied over one year had an average maximum surface soil water 15 N-NO − 3 value of +9.0% at 0.45 m depth. This signature was significantly more enriched in 15 N than the corresponding subsurface soil water 15 N-NO − 3 value of +3.8% at 10 m depth. The control site average maximum surface soil water 15 N-NO − 3 value of +3.6% at 0.45 m is similar to the subsurface pig effluent application plot. This indicates that nitrates derived from pig effluent have not reached 10 m depth in the subsurface, even though over the last 18 months this site was subjected to two effluent applications, each around 200 kg N ha −1 , and more than 1900 mm of rain, more than half of which drains directly into the root zone. This slow migration shows that mobilization of nitrates through cultivated soil can take many tens of years before infiltrating and contaminating the saturated zone situated at several tens, and in places, hundreds of meters depth. On an island-wide scale, an isotopic assessment of nitrates from the experimental site's soil water and other drinking water wells highlights a nitrogenous contamination derived primarily from urban and/or agriculture via effluent application.nitrates / nitrogen and oxygen isotopes / pig effluent / groundwater contamination / tropical island

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Stable isotope evidence for an atmospheric origin of desert nitrate deposits in northern Chile and southern California, U.S.A.

Cited by 211 publications

References 60 publications

Evaluation of Perchlorate Sources in the Rialto-Colton and Chino California Subbasins using Chlorine and Oxygen Isotope Ratio Analysis

Evaluation of Perchlorate Sources in the Rialto-Colton and Chino California Subbasins using Chlorine and Oxygen Isotope Ratio Analysis

Global patterns of the isotopic composition of soil and plant nitrogen

Evidence of soil pollution by nitrates derived from pig effluent using 18O and 15N isotope analyses

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