Stable lithium electrodeposition in salt-reinforced electrolytes

Lü, Yingying; Tu, Zhengyuan; Shu, Jonathan; Archer, Lynden A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.030

Cited by 114 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…[ 7,16,41 ] There are signifi cant research results that have been conducted by employing FTIR and XPS spectra. [ 7,[16][17][18] The major inorganic species on Li surfaces include Li 2 O, [ 23 ] Li 2 S/ Li 2 S 2 , [ 42,43 ] LiOH, LiF, [44][45][46][47] LiI, [ 45 ] Li 3 N, [ 42 ] Li 2 CO 3 . [ 48 ] The major organic species on Li surfaces contain ROLi, RCOOLi, ROCOLi, RCOO 2 Li, and ROCO 2 Li (R = alkyl groups).…”

Section: Surface Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EIS analysis indicated that the diffusion resistance of the Li ions through the SEI was decreased much by the halogenated salt additive. [ 44,45 ] The halogenated salt additives in the electrolyte render the SEI layer on the electrode with fl uorine-rich products (most likely LiF), LiOH and Li 2 CO 3 driven by the in situ reactions between electrolyte and Li metal anode ( Figure 9 ). The SEI fi lm with organic/inorganic components generates a critical effect in shedding the solvent molecules and can act as a "catalyst" to decrease the activation energy of the Li ions crossing the SEI layer and depositing on the anode.…”

Section: Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Lithium Metal Anode

et al. 2015

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Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are among the most promising candidates of high‐energy‐density devices for advanced energy storage. However, the growth of dendrites greatly hinders the practical applications of LMBs in portable electronics and electric vehicles. Constructing stable and efficient solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is among the most effective strategies to inhibit the dendrite growth and thus to achieve a superior cycling performance. In this review, the mechanisms of SEI formation and models of SEI structure are briefly summarized. The analysis methods to probe the surface chemistry, surface morphology, electrochemical property, dynamic characteristics of SEI layer are emphasized. The critical factors affecting the SEI formation, such as electrolyte component, temperature, current density, are comprehensively debated. The efficient methods to modify SEI layer with the introduction of new electrolyte system and additives, ex‐situ‐formed protective layer, as well as electrode design, are summarized. Although these works afford new insights into SEI research, robust and precise routes for SEI modification with well‐designed structure, as well as understanding of the connection between structure and electrochemical performance, is still inadequate. A multidisciplinary approach is highly required to enable the formation of robust SEI for highly efficient energy storage systems.

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Section: Surface Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Lithium Metal Anode

et al. 2015

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“…[ 4,8 ] In the most extreme cases, the uneven electrodeposition on the anode results in the formation and growth of dendritic structures that ultimately bridge the interelectrode space and short-circuit the cell. [ 4,[12][13][14] However, the most common mode of cell failure occurs by loss of the active electrode material and electrolyte by various interrelated electrochemical and interfacial processes. For example, the Ohmic energy in and fragility of a growing dendrite can cause it to break before it spans the interelectrode space.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/aelm201500246mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Fluoride Additives for Stable Cycling of Lithium Batteries at High Current Densities

Choudhury

Archer

2016

Adv Elect Materials

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313

216

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reactions at the roughened electrode-electrolyte interface. Indeed while such reactions always occur when liquids are in conformal contact with reactive metals such as Li, during each cycle of deposition a roughened metal surface exposes new Li metal to the electrolyte, which leads to continuous formation of a new so-called solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer that ultimately depletes the electrolyte. [ 14 ] All of these situations are exacerbated by the common use of fl ammable organic liquids as electrolyte solvents in rechargeable batteries to improve ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, which now add the threat of fi re or even explosion to the list of potential failure modes. [ 4,[14][15][16] Over the years, several efforts have been made to eliminate the possibility of dendrite-induced short-circuits in batteries by designing high modulus electrolytes through which a growing metal dendrite cannot penetrate. [17][18][19] These efforts have largely met with, at most, limited success because of the fundamental diffi culty in designing materials that are simultaneously mechanically strong-enough to stop dendrites, but in which fast ionic transport needed to sustain battery performance can be achieved at moderate temperatures. A notable exception is the work of Tu et al. [ 20,21 ] which shows that a Al 2 O 3 ceramic separator with uniform, nanometer-sized pores that hosts a liquid electrolyte in its pores is able to perform both functions. As important are recent examples of liquid electrolyte-swollen cross-linked polymer networks in which anions are either free [ 22 ] or permanently anchored to a rigid support, [ 23,24 ] which have been reported impressive abilities to extend the lifetime of metallic lithium anodes. However, as none of these approaches address the root cause of the electrodeposition instabilities that trigger dendrite formation, more elegant solutions in the form of SEI additives have been sought to stop dendrites at the nucleation stage. There are generally two approaches that have been investigated in the previous literature: (1) Direct addition, wherein specifi c chemical agents are used as electrolyte additives to promote formation of a stable, Li-ion conducting SEI, but do not take part in the bulk ion transfer. Hydrofl uoric acid, [ 25 ] vinylene carbonate, [26][27][28] lithium bis(oxalato)borate, [ 29,30 ] lithium nitrate, [ 31 ] and organic sultones [ 32,33 ] have all been reported to function in this way. While each of these additives have been shown to improve the cell stability to an extent, wider use of all are challenged by the associated decrease in ionic conductivity and gradual loss of effi cacy due to decomposition. [ 31 ] (2) Indirect formation of stabilizing layers. This approach involves the formation of a stable layer by internal reactions of two or more components added to the electrolyte. A recent example by Miao et al. [ 34 ] showed that a binary mixture of LiTFSI and LiFSI can signifi cantly improve the cyclability of a LMB due to the formation of a LiF layer by d...

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“…Later, Archer and co-workers [45,46] found that halogenated lithium salts are good additives for improving the long-term cycling of rechargeable LMBs at room temperature (RT). Hundreds of charge/discharge cycles were possible without any sign of dendrite formation for aL i 0 /Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (Li/LTO) cell using LiTFSI/EC-DEC in combination with LiF.T he study confirmed that agood solubility of the halogenated salts is not necessary to improve the lifetime of symmetrical Li 0 cells.I ndeed, this is related to the significantly enhanced surface mobility of Li + in the presence of lithium halide salts.…”

Section: Passivation/stabilization Additives For LI 0 Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolyte Additives for Lithium Metal Anodes and Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries: Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2018

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Lithium metal (Li ) rechargeable batteries (LMBs), such as systems with a Li anode and intercalation and/or conversion type cathode, lithium-sulfur (Li-S), and lithium-oxygen (O )/air (Li-O /air) batteries, are becoming increasingly important for electrifying the modern transportation system, with the aim of sustainable mobility. Although some rechargeable LMBs (e.g. Li /LiFePO batteries from Bolloré Bluecar, Li-S batteries from OXIS Energy and Sion Power) are already commercially viable in niche applications, their large-scale deployment is hampered by a number of formidable challenges, including growth of lithium dendrites, electrolyte instability towards high voltage intercalation-type cathodes, the poor electronic and ionic conductivities of sulfur (S ) and O , as well as their corresponding reduction products (e.g. Li S and Li O), dissolution, and shuttling of polysulfide (PS) intermediates. This leads to a short lifecycle, low coulombic/energy efficiency, poor safety, and a high self-discharge rate. The use of electrolyte additives is considered one of the most economical and effective approaches for circumventing these problems. This Review gives an overview of the various functional additives that are being applied and aims to stimulate new avenues for the practical realization of these appealing devices.

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Stable lithium electrodeposition in salt-reinforced electrolytes

Cited by 114 publications

References 21 publications

A Review of Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Lithium Metal Anode

A Review of Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Lithium Metal Anode

Lithium Fluoride Additives for Stable Cycling of Lithium Batteries at High Current Densities

Electrolyte Additives for Lithium Metal Anodes and Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries: Progress and Perspectives

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