Standardization of Specific and Non-Specific Parameters of Propolis Extract as Raw Material for Herbal Product

Abstract

This study aims to standardize the specific and non-specific parameters of propolis extract originating from East Java, Indonesia, to fulfil the requirements as a herbal raw material. Standardization was carried out on propolis ethanol extract taken at three different harvesting times. Standardization was carried out on specific parameters including the content of dissolved compounds, chemical content of extracts and chromatogram patterns, while the non-specific parameters of the extract included water content, ash content residue, density, microbial contamination, and heavy metal contamination. Specific extract parameters showed that the water-soluble extract content was 2.1-3.5%; levels of ethanol-soluble extract 62.00-84.00%; total flavonoid levels of 0.015-0.072 mg ER / g; and total phenol content of 0.0039-0.0053 mg ER / g. Non-specific parameters indicate that the water content is 10.72-10.90%; drying losses 10.05-10.63%; total ash content of 0.08-0.65%, density of 0.88-0.89 g / mL; Pb levels from 6.55-9.01 mg / kg; Cd content of 0.50-1.22 mg / kg, Cu content of 0.82-1.13 mg / kg; the total plate number is 10 colonies / g and the yeast fungus number is 10 colonies / g. It can be concluded that propolis extract from the East Java region of Indonesia fulfills the requirements as a raw material for herbal products in Indonesia.

Design and characterization of propolis extract loaded self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system as immunostimulant

“…PE was obtained from the Bee House in East Java as a supplier and standardized source based on previous research ( Syukri et al, 2020 ). Labrafac, Labrasol, and Capryol-90 were taken from Gattefose, France.…”

Topical anti-inflammatory effect of Ekor Naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.f) Schott) leaves extract

“…The specific parameter tested on the Ekor Naga leaves was the organoleptic test. According to Syukri et al (2020), determining the specific parameters of the extract aims to conduct a subjective initial introduction to the extract using the senses. The results obtained from the Ekor Naga leaves extract is a thick greenish brown extract, has a chaste taste and distinctive smell.…”

Study on the Optimization of Mulberry Leaf Extract by Macerating Ethanol and Microwave Assisted Extraction Method (Mae) With Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (Nades)

“…Determination of specific gravity aims to describe the chemical content dissolved in the extract. Specific gravity relates to how to determine the purity of a substance is determined by its specific gravity (Syukri et al, 2020). The results of testing the specific gravity of the NADES extract and the ethanol extract of mulberry leaves can be seen in Table 5.…”