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This current study aims to optimize, characterize, and observe the stability of the self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of propolis extract (PE) for improving the immune response. Optimization of the selected composition of SNEDDS was conducted using a D-optimal mixture design. SNEDDS was prepared by loading 150 mg/mL of PE in oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant phases. The thermodynamic stability test was carried out with phase separation parameters followed by the robustness to dilution and accelerated stability test. The immunostimulant activity was examined in vitro and in vivo by determining the phagocytic activity, cell proliferation, production of nitrite oxide levels of RAW 264.7 cells, phagocytic activity of macrophages, and the number of leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. The formula optimization showed that the formula containing Capryol-90, Cremophor RH40, and PEG 400 at a ratio of 30: 34: 36 was optimum. The verification response of the optimum formula with drug loading showed that the transmittance, droplet size, and zeta potential were 96.90 ± 0.00%, 28.7 ± 1.20 nm, and −56.5 ± 2.05 mV, respectively. The thermodynamic stability test and robustness to dilution did not find any separation phase. The accelerated stability test results were classified as stable. The in vitro and in vivo immunostimulant activity test showed that PE-loaded SNEDDS exhibited a higher immunostimulant effect than PE. In conclusion, the optimum and stable composition of PE loaded SNEDDS was found with a simple and accurate method using the D-Optimal mixture design and demonstrated an immunostimulant activity.

This study aims to standardize the specific and non-specific parameters of propolis extract originating from East Java, Indonesia, to fulfil the requirements as a herbal raw material. Standardization was carried out on propolis ethanol extract taken at three different harvesting times. Standardization was carried out on specific parameters including the content of dissolved compounds, chemical content of extracts and chromatogram patterns, while the non-specific parameters of the extract included water content, ash content residue, density, microbial contamination, and heavy metal contamination. Specific extract parameters showed that the water-soluble extract content was 2.1-3.5%; levels of ethanol-soluble extract 62.00-84.00%; total flavonoid levels of 0.015-0.072 mg ER / g; and total phenol content of 0.0039-0.0053 mg ER / g. Non-specific parameters indicate that the water content is 10.72-10.90%; drying losses 10.05-10.63%; total ash content of 0.08-0.65%, density of 0.88-0.89 g / mL; Pb levels from 6.55-9.01 mg / kg; Cd content of 0.50-1.22 mg / kg, Cu content of 0.82-1.13 mg / kg; the total plate number is 10 colonies / g and the yeast fungus number is 10 colonies / g. It can be concluded that propolis extract from the East Java region of Indonesia fulfills the requirements as a raw material for herbal products in Indonesia.

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Objective: This research aimed to fractionate the ethyl acetate extract from secondary metabolites of Streptomyces sp. GMY01 and to identify which fraction contains cytotoxic active compounds against human breast cancer MCF7 cell lines.Methods: Secondary metabolites were obtained from fermentation of Streptomyces Sp. GMY01 for 15 d. The supernatant containing these secondary metabolites was extracted through partition using ethyl acetate as the solvent. Fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract was conducted via column chromatography using silica gel as the solid phase while the gradient mobile phase consisted of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The cytotoxicity of each fraction was calculated using MTT-assay. Results:The ethyl acetate extract could be separated into 9 fractions using column chromatography. The cytotoxic effect of each fraction differed from each other. The smallest IC50 value was obtained from fraction 4. Further investigation should be conducted to discover the active anticancer compound. The active compound with cytotoxic effect was found in fraction 4 because of the highest IC50 value. Conclusion:This fraction is potential to be investigated more deeply as anticancer, especially for breast cancer.