Standardized ileal digestible amino acids and digestible energy contents in high-protein distiller's dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs1

Urriola

Hilbrands

et al. 2018

The objective of this study was to use the recently determined ME and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) values of AA for a novel high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles (HP-DDGS; PureStream 40, Lincolnway Energy LLC, Nevada, IA) to determine the optimal dietary inclusion rates in diets for nursery pigs. Three hundred and sixty pigs (BW = 6.79 ± 0.02 kg) were blocked by BW, and pens within blocks were assigned randomly to one of four dietary treatments (10 pens/treatment, 9 pigs/pen). Dietary treatments consisted of adding 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% HP-DDGS to nursery diets during phase 2 (days 7–21) and phase 3 (days 21–42) of a three-phase nursery feeding program. Diets within each phase were formulated to contain equivalent amounts of ME, SID Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp, Ca, standardized total tract digestible P, vitamins, and trace minerals. Calculated SID Leu to Lys ratios for 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% HP-DDGS diets were 119%, 137%, 156%, and 173% in phase 2 diets and 120%, 131%, 143%, and 160% in phase 3 diets. The SID Ile to Lys ratios ranged from 60% to 69% in phase 2 diets and from 54% to 59% in phase 3 diets. The SID Val to Lys ratios ranged from 63% to 79% in phase 2 diets and 64% to 68% in phase 3 diets. Body weight and feed disappearance were measured weekly. During phase 2, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were reduced linearly (P < 0.01) as the diet inclusion rate of HP-DDGS increased. Similarly in phase 3, increasing dietary levels of HP-DDGS depressed ADG, ADFI, and G:F linearly (P < 0.01). Overall growth performance of phases 2 and 3 of nursery pigs was negatively affected by increasing levels of HP-DDGS in these diets. Pigs acquired a Streptococcus suis and Escherichia coli disease challenge during the experiment. Although no differences in morbidity were observed throughout the experiment, including HP-DDGS in diets tended to decrease (P = 0.08) mortality. In conclusion, a linear decrease in nursery pig growth performance was observed as increasing levels of HP-DDGS were added in diets, which was probably due to overestimation of SID AA content of the HP-DDGS, antagonistic effects of excess Leu, and the effects of relatively high fiber content.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth performance of nursery pigs fed diets containing increasing levels of a novel high-protein corn distillers dried grains with solubles1

Urriola

Hilbrands

et al. 2018

“…Although diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) AA requirements and the SID content of most AA appeared to exceed the requirements, if the digestibility for these AA was overestimated, it is possible that the pigs fed HP-DDG diets consumed inadequate amounts of AA to achieve optimal growth. In fact, a recent study conducted by Rho et al (2017) evaluated the SID AA and ME content of HP-DDG produced using the same process technology as HP-DDG used in the current study. Two lots of HP-DDG used in that experiment were produced by the same ethanol plant but were collected at different time points.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, SID of Lys was 47.2% in one HP-DDG sample and 55.9% in the other sample from the same ethanol plant, while NRC (2012) reported a SID Lys coefficient of 69%. Using the SID AA coefficients reported by Rho et al (2017) , we recalculated the SID AA content in our diets. Results from this theoretical comparison showed that the SID AA content in our HP-DDG diets were less than expected ( Table 8 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of feeding high-protein corn distillers dried grains and a mycotoxin mitigation additive on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork fat quality of growing–finishing pigs1

Urriola

Hilbrands

et al. 2020

Two experiments investigated the effects of feeding diets containing 30% of novel high-protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG) sources to growing–finishing pigs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork fat quality. A four-phase feeding program was used in both experiments, and diets within phases were formulated based on National Research Council (NRC; 2012) recommendations for metabolizable energy and standardized ileal digestible amino acid content of HP-DDG. In Exp. 1, a total of 144 pigs (body weight [BW] = 20.3 ± 1.6 kg) were fed either corn-soybean meal control diets (CON) or 30% HP-DDG diets (HP-DDG) containing 0.7 mg/kg deoxynivalenol (DON), 0.1 mg/kg fumonisins (FUM), and 56 μg/kg zearalenone (ZEA) for 8 wk. On week 9, a mycotoxin mitigation additive (MA) was added to CON and HP-DDG diets, resulting in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of: CON, CON + MA, HP-DDG, and HP-DDG + MA. Pigs fed HP-DDG had lower (P < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared with those fed CON during the first 8 wk. After MA was added to diets, pigs fed HP-DDG diets without MA had lower (P < 0.05) overall ADG than those fed HP-DDG + MA and less (P < 0.05) final BW than pigs fed CON or CON + MA. Adding MA to HP-DDG diets containing relatively low concentrations of mycotoxins was effective in restoring growth performance comparable to feeding CON. In Exp. 2, a different source of HP-DDG was used, and mycotoxin MAs were added to all diets at the beginning of the trial. A total of 144 pigs (BW = 22.7 ± 2.3 kg) were fed either a corn-soybean meal control diet or a 30% HP-DDG diet containing 0.5 mg/kg DON and 0.8 mg/kg FUM for 16 wk. Pigs fed HP-DDG diets had less (P < 0.01) final BW and ADG than pigs fed CON, but there were no differences in ADFI. Feeding the HP-DDG diets reduced (P < 0.01) hot carcass weight, carcass yield, longissimus muscle area (LMA), and percentage of carcass fat-free lean compared with pigs fed CON but did not affect backfat (BF) depth. Pigs fed HP-DDG had less (P < 0.01) saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content and greater (P < 0.01) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and iodine value in BF than pigs fed CON. These results suggest that feeding diets containing relatively low concentrations of co-occurring mycotoxins can be detrimental to growth performance, and the addition of MA alleviated the growth reduction. Feeding 30% HP-DDG reduced BW, ADG, carcass yield, LMA, and percentage of fat-free lean of growing–finishing pigs but yielded acceptable pork fat quality.

“…Early attempts to use front-end fractionation technologies resulted in high-protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG) with much different nutrient profiles ( Widmer et al, 2007 ; Kim et al, 2009 ; Jacela et al, 2010 ; Anderson et al, 2012 ; NRC, 2012 ) and greater CP content (~50% on a DM basis; NRC, 2012 ) than current technologies ( U.S. Grain Council, 2018 ) being used to produce HP-DDG ( Rho et al, 2017 ; Espinosa and Stein, 2018 ; Yang et al, 2019 , 2020 ) which contain about 36–45% CP (DM basis). In addition, other new process technologies have been implemented to produce high-protein coproducts containing 45–55% CP and about 25–28% spent yeast, which is about 2.5 times greater than the estimated yeast content in conventional DDGS ( Shurson, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of in vitro dry matter, protein, and fiber digestibility and fermentability of novel corn coproducts for swine and ruminants

Palowski

Jang

et al. 2021

New processes are being used in some dry-grind ethanol plants in the United States and Brazil to improve ethanol yield and efficiency of production while also providing nutritionally enhanced corn co-products compared with conventional corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of 5 conventional corn DDGS sources and 10 emerging novel corn co-products for swine and ruminants, and compare co-products produced using similar processes in the United States and Brazil. Chemical composition, on a dry matter (DM) basis, among the 15 co-products ranged from 18.5 to 54.7% for crude protein (CP), 12.3 to 51.4% for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 1.6 to 8.6% for acid detergent fiber, 4.7 to 12.3% for ether extract, and 1.6 to 8.6% for ash. For swine, in vitro hydrolysis of DM and CP were greater (P < 0.01) for the 3 U.S. corn DDGS sources compared with the 2 Brazilian corn DDGS sources, but in vitro fermentability of DM was comparable (P > 0.05) among all sources except one U.S. DDGS source that had less fermentable DM. High protein and yeast dried distillers grains (Ultramax, UM; StillPro, SP) co-products also had comparable (P > 0.05) DM fermentability for swine, but UM co-products had greater (P < 0.01) DM and CP hydrolysis compared with SP. High protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG) from Brazil had greater (P < 0.01) DM and CP hydrolysis, but less (P < 0.01) DM fermentability for swine than HP-DDG produced in the U.S, using the same process. For ruminants, total DM digestibility was greater (P < 0.01) in conventional DDGS sources from the U.S. compared with the 2 DDGS sources from Brazil. Total protein digestibility for ruminants was comparable and above 81% for all co-products except for a DDGS source from Brazil, a HP-DDG source from the U.S., and a UM sample. Interestingly, the corn fiber + solubles co-product had not only relatively high digestibility of NDF (67.9%), DM (91.6%), and total CP (81.9%) for ruminants, but it also had relatively high total tract digestibility of DM (86.2%) and CP (69.9%) for swine. These results suggest that nutrient digestibility of conventional DDGS sources produced in the U.S. appear to be greater than corn Brazilian DDGS sources, but new process technologies being implemented in ethanol and co-product production in both countries can enhance the nutritional value of corn co-products for both swine and ruminants.