Staphylococcal Communities on Skin Are Associated with Atopic Dermatitis and Disease Severity

Edslev, Sofie Marie; Olesen, Caroline Meyer; Nørreslet, Line Brok; Ingham, Anna Cäcilia; Iversen, Søren; Lilje, Berit; Clausen, Maja‐Lisa; Jensen, Jørgen Skov; Stegger, Marc; Agner, Tove; Andersen, Paal Skytt

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9020432

Cited by 37 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Generally, the most severely injured tissue is often accompanied by higher bacterial density (7)(8)(9). Cattle infected with bovine PmA usually exhibits serious pneumonia in clinic, and it was found that profuse growth of bovine PmA existed in the bovine lungs (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Ascorbic Acid Shapes Bovine Pasteurella multocida Serogroup A Infection

Zhao

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Bovine Pasteurella multocida serogroup A (bovine PmA) is one of the most important pathogens causing fatal pneumonia in cattle. However, it is largely unknown how nutrition shapes bovine PmA infection. Here, we discovered that the infected lung held the highest bacterial density than other tissues during infection. By screening the different metabolites between high (lung)- and low (liver)-bacterial density tissues, the present work revealed that L-ascorbic acid and L-aspartic acid directly influenced bovine P. multocida growth. Interestingly, L-ascorbic acid, which is expressed at higher levels in the infected livers, inhibited bovine PmA growth as well as virulence factor expression and promoted macrophage bactericidal activity in vitro. In addition, ascorbic acid synthesis was repressed upon bovine PmA infection, and supplementation with exogenous L-ascorbic acid significantly reduced the bacterial burden of the infected lungs and mouse mortality. Collectively, our study has profiled the metabolite difference of the murine lung and liver during bovine PmA infection. The screened L-ascorbic acid showed repression of bovine PmA growth and virulence expression in vitro and supplementation could significantly increase the survival rate of mice and reduce the bacterial load in vivo, which implied that L-ascorbic acid could serve as a potential protective agent for bovine PmA infection in clinic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Ascorbic Acid Shapes Bovine Pasteurella multocida Serogroup A Infection

Zhao

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Data from a previously published cohort of 92 healthy community-dwelling adults (referred to as nonexposed) recruited at the Danish national blood donor clinic at Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, in May 2019 and January 2020 were included in the study ( 35 ). Samples were collected at the anterior nares once (by rotating the swab three times in one nostril).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the Human Nasal Microbiota and Staphylococcus aureus CC398 Carriage in Pig Truck Drivers across One Workweek

Ingham

Urth

Sieber

et al. 2021

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Drivers of pig trucks constitute a potential route of human transmission of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) CC398. In this study we determined MRSA prevalence in pig truck drivers (n=47) and monitored the nasal microbiota of nine drivers three times daily throughout one workweek (n=113 samples) and compared it to their spouses (n=25 samples from six spouses) and 89 non-exposed subjects. S. aureus isolates (n=232) derived from a subset of nasal and truck samples were whole-genome sequenced. Nasal alpha diversity of drivers in the beginning of the workday was lower compared to non-exposed subjects. During the workday, it increased significantly. Similarly, the drivers’ nasal composition shifted during the workday, becoming increasingly different from spouses and non-exposed individuals. Clustering into community state types (CSTs) revealed frequent switches from either S. aureus - or Corynebacterium -dominated CSTs in the mornings to a Psychrobacter- dominated CST during the workday. Six intermittent MRSA carriers were mostly MRSA-negative in the mornings and their nasal microbiota resembled that of non-exposed subjects. When acquiring MRSA during the workday, they switched to the Psychrobacter- dominated CST. In contrast, the nasal microbiota of two persistent MRSA carriers was dominated by staphylococci. In conclusion, we show that the nasal microbiota of pig truck drivers is very dynamic, undergoes drastic changes during workdays, and differs from non-exposed subjects even before pig-contact. MRSA-carrying drivers may eventually introduce MRSA into the community and health care facilities. Carriage dynamics, however, showed that for most drivers CC398 MRSA is rapidly lost and only rarely causes transmission to spouses. Importance In Denmark, the number of human MRSA cases has increased dramatically since the early 2000s, starting from imported cases and spread in the community. However, today approximately one third of all new cases are attributed to livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) CC398. This mirrors the increase in pig farms of which 95% are now positive for LA-MRSA, mainly caused by three dominant lineages enriched for a number of key antimicrobial resistance genes. Whereas most human LA-MRSA CC398 infections in Denmark are linked to livestock contact, still up to one third is not. Pig truck drivers constitute a hitherto understudied occupation group which may transmit LA-MRSA CC398 to household members, the community, and hospitals. In this study, we demonstrate dramatic work-related changes in the nasal microbiota of pig truck drivers, as well as in their carriage of LA-MRSA CC398. However, they likely do not constitute an important reservoir for LA-MRSA CC398 dissemination.

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“…Similar observations have been made on the free fatty acids and ceramides in the stratum corneum of Netherton syndrome [ 94 ]. The skin of subjects with atopic dermatitis tends to become colonized with Staphylococcus aureus [ 95 ]. This represents a risk for infection and may reflect the fact that both free sphingosine and sapienic acid are below normal levels in atopic skin [ 96 , 97 ].…”

Section: Skin Disease and The Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Lipids in the Permeability Barriers of Skin and Oral Mucosa

Wertz

2021

IJMS

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PubMed searches reveal much literature regarding lipids in barrier function of skin and less literature on lipids in barrier function of the oral mucosa. In terrestrial mammals, birds, and reptiles, the skin’s permeability barrier is provided by ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol in the outermost layers of the epidermis, the stratum corneum. This layer consists of about 10–20 layers of cornified cells embedded in a lipid matrix. It effectively prevents loss of water and electrolytes from the underlying tissue, and it limits the penetration of potentially harmful substances from the environment. In the oral cavity, the regions of the gingiva and hard palate are covered by keratinized epithelia that much resemble the epidermis. The oral stratum corneum contains a lipid mixture similar to that in the epidermal stratum corneum but in lower amounts and is accordingly more permeable. The superficial regions of the nonkeratinized oral epithelia also provide a permeability barrier. These epithelial regions do contain ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids, which may underlie barrier function. The oral epithelial permeability barriers primarily protect the underlying tissue by preventing the penetration of potentially toxic substances, including microbial products. Transdermal drug delivery, buccal absorption, and lipid-related disease are discussed.

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Staphylococcal Communities on Skin Are Associated with Atopic Dermatitis and Disease Severity

Cited by 37 publications

References 64 publications

L-Ascorbic Acid Shapes Bovine Pasteurella multocida Serogroup A Infection

L-Ascorbic Acid Shapes Bovine Pasteurella multocida Serogroup A Infection

Dynamics of the Human Nasal Microbiota and Staphylococcus aureus CC398 Carriage in Pig Truck Drivers across One Workweek

Roles of Lipids in the Permeability Barriers of Skin and Oral Mucosa

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