Staphylococcal Enterotoxin: A Comparative Study of Serological Detection Methods

Specificity and cross-reactivity of staphylococcal enterotoxin A monoclonal antibodies with enterotoxins B, C1, D, and E

“…Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) A (SEA), SEB, SEC,, SEC2, SEC3, SED, and SEE which cause food intoxications in humans are detected in foods on the basis of their specific reactivity in a double-gel immunodiffusion system (micro-Ouchterlony or microslide) with polyclonal antiserum against each of the SE. Though each of the SE bears a major distinct antigenic site (2), cross-reactivities among SE (1,3,10,11) demonstrated the existence of minor common antigenic site(s) among SE. Polyclonal antibodies directed against this minor site enabling detection of all SE have not been produced.…”

Improved Reversed Passive Hemagglutination for Simple and Rapid Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins A~E in Food

“…A considerable amount of immunoglobulin other than homo-specific immunoglobulin is present in the immunoglobulin obtained through gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 or by DEAE-cellulose chromatography performed after sedimentation with ammonium sulfate. The presence of impurities in fractionated immunoglobulin is considered to be the cause of the non-specific reaction reported by Silverman et al (13) and Bennett et al (1). Therefore, in this …”

“…In 1968, Silverman et al (13) proposed RPHA for the assay of enterotoxin B in food or culture filtrates. In routine practice, however, many researchers (1,2) pointed out the occurrence of false positives or cross-reactions among the toxin types. On the other hand, radio-immunoassay procedures reported by Johnson et al (10), Collins et al (5) and Robern et al (12) were capable of detecting enterotoxins in food homogenates without concentration, but they showed a 10-15% rate of false positives.…”

Staphylococcal food poisoning and botulism

“…The Oudin single gel diffusion tube test, the Oakley double gel diffusion tube test and Ouchter-lony plates have also been used. Recently several workers have carried out solid phase radio-immunoassay techniques (Johnson et al, 1971;Collins, Metzger and Johnson, 1972;Bennett et al, 1973;Collins et al, 1973). Serological methods are more sensitive and less expensive than the feeding of monkeys or intraperitoneal injection into cats or kittens.…”