Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Children in the Era of Community-acquired Methicillin-resistance at Texas Children's Hospital

Carrillo-Marquez, Maria; Hultén, Kristina G.; Hammerman, Wendy A.; Lamberth, Linda B.; Mason, Edward O.; Kaplan, Sheldon L.

doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e31821618be

Cited by 82 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Less than 10% of the S. aureus HAP isolates in this study contained pvl. This relatively low prevalence stands in sharp contrast to trends seen in soft tissue infections (1,45) as well as in a pneumonia study in children (6).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Presence of Genes Encoding Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Is Not the Primary Determinant of Outcome in Patients with Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Due to Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2012

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The impact of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) on the outcome intested, (ii) presence of specific bacterial clone, (iii) levels of alphahemolysin, or (iv) delta-hemolysin production were identified. This study suggests that neither pvl presence nor in vitro level of alpha-hemolysin production is the primary determinant of outcome among patients with HAP caused by S. aureus. The Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a bacteriophageassociated, bicomponent cytotoxin produced by some strains of Staphylococcus aureus. PVL induces host cell necrosis and apoptosis by producing pores in the cell membranes of neutrophils and other infected cells. The presence of PVL and the genetic elements coding for its production (two contiguous, cotranscribed genes, lukS and lukF, here referred to as pvl) has been strongly associated with a severe necrotizing pneumonia (13, 15). Although controversy persists, there is evidence that PVL is associated with severe disease in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) due to S. aureus both in clinical reports (13, 15) and in some (10, 22), but not all (3,20,30,49), in vivo model systems. However, the studies on the association between PVL and clinical outcomes in hospitalacquired pneumonia (HAP), a distinct clinical entity from CAP, are limited.Hospital-acquired pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality from nosocomial infections (9), and S. aureus is the leading cause of HAP in U.S. hospitals (12,28,34). In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that pvl presence in S. aureus isolates causing HAP was associated with a worse clinical outcome than the outcome of HAP caused by pvl-negative S. aureus counterparts. To test this hypothesis, we made use of a large international cohort of S. aureus isolates from patients with HAP. These isolates were collected in two identically designed phase III clinical trials for S. aureus HAP. MATERIALS AND METHODSPatients and study settings. The ATTAIN (Assessment of Telavancin for Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia) clinical trials were two identical phase III, randomized, double-blinded, parallel-group, multinational trials (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers NCT00107952 and NCT00124020) studying the efficacy and safety of intravenous telavancin versus vancomycin for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) with a focus on patients with infections due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (35). Following randomization, patients were treated for 7 to 21 days with the study drug. From January 2005 to June 2007, a total of 1,503 patients were enrolled from 235 clinical centers in 38 countries. Patients were included in the current study if all of the following criteria were met: (i) inclusion in the modified all treated (MAT) population (n ϭ 1,089), (ii) had monomicrobial infection with S. aureus at baseline, and (iii) had a clinical response of either "cure" or "failure" for the test-of-cure analysis. All patients or their legal guardian provided written informed consent. This study was approved by Duke University Medical Center Institutio...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Presence of Genes Encoding Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Is Not the Primary Determinant of Outcome in Patients with Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Due to Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2012

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“…Six of the ten infants died [13,16,17,21,30,31,35,36]. There are other reports of PVL-associated S. aureus pneumonia in larger cohorts; some of which include infants [2,10,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Panton–Valentine leukocidin-associated Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia in infants: a report of four cases and review of the literature

Schwartz

Nourse

2011

Eur J Pediatr

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Four children under 16 months of age presented within an 18-month period with severe, rapidly progressive Panton-Valentine leukocidin-associated ST93 Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia. Two of the cases that required extracorporeal membranous oxygenation and proved fatal had poor prognostic features of leukopenia, rash and pulmonary haemorrhage. All four cases had recent contact with S. aureus infection in a family member. Reported cases of S. aureus necrotizing pneumonia in infants are reviewed, and approach to management is discussed.

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“…Thus, although alveolar injury due to lung infection is a major cause of mortality (1,2), there is little understanding of how inhaled bacteria stabilize in alveoli to cause the injury. Here we consider this question in relation to the emergent, highly virulent Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300, which causes a form of rapidly occurring alveolar injury that associates with severe mortality (3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of staphylococcal aggregation protects against lethal lung injury

Hook

Islam

Parker

et al. 2018

Journal of Clinical Investigation

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Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Children in the Era of Community-acquired Methicillin-resistance at Texas Children's Hospital

Cited by 82 publications

References 29 publications

Presence of Genes Encoding Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Is Not the Primary Determinant of Outcome in Patients with Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Due to Staphylococcus aureus

Presence of Genes Encoding Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Is Not the Primary Determinant of Outcome in Patients with Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Due to Staphylococcus aureus

Panton–Valentine leukocidin-associated Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia in infants: a report of four cases and review of the literature

Disruption of staphylococcal aggregation protects against lethal lung injury

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