Staphylococcus aureus sensitization and allergic disease in early childhood: Population-based birth cohort study

Semiç-Jusufagiç, Aida; Bachert, Claus; Gevaert, Philippe; Holtappels, Gabriële; Lowe, Lesley; Woodcock, Ashley; Simpson, Angela; Čustović, Adnan

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.639

Cited by 46 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…SAE-IgE titres in atopics correlate strongly with those against conventional aeroallergens and total IgE (data not shown), and the SAE-IgE effects in these subjects relating to asthma risk were no longer significant after adjusting for overall IgE levels and the potential confounders identified in initial univariate analyses (table 2). This suggests that the direct disease promoting effects of IgE against SAE may be secondary to those resulting from IgE against the common aeroallergens, and/or may be restricted to subjects with severe wheeze as suggested previously [8][9][10]. Alternatively, SAE-IgE may be a surrogate for other covert aspects of the Th2-associated response to SAE, including the effects of SAE on polyclonal stimulation of IgE production and/or on IgE independent mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Considerably less attention has been paid to bacteria, with the exception of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) strains which produce soluble enterotoxins. These molecules function as superantigens and can directly activate a large proportion of peripheral T-cells [4], triggering polyclonal production of both T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 cytokines and synthesis of enterotoxinspecific immunoglobulin (Ig)E. Colonisation with superantigen-producing SA has been suggested to play a role in a range of atopy-associated diseases, including atopic dermatitis [5], rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis [6,7], as well as adult asthma [8,9] and childhood wheeze [10]. Recently, colonisation of the upper airways during early childhood with bacterial pathogens, including nonenterotoxin-producing strains, has been linked with subsequent development of persistent asthma [11], but the pathogenic mechanisms are unknown and the interpretation of these findings remains controversial [12].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Th2-associated immunity to bacteria in teenagers and susceptibility to asthma

Hollams

Hales²,

Bachert³

et al. 2010

Eur Respir J

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Bacterial colonisation of the airways is associated with increased risk of childhood asthma. Immunoglobulin (Ig)E against bacterial antigens has been reported in some asthmatics, suggesting a role for bacterial-specific type-2 immunity in disease pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate relationships between bacterial-specific IgE amongst teenagers and asthma susceptibility.We measured titres of IgE against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in 1,380 teenagers, and related these to asthma symptomatology and immunophenotypes.IgE titres against S. aureus-derived enterotoxins were highest amongst atopics and were associated with asthma risk. Surprisingly, IgE titres against H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae surface antigens were higher, not stratified by atopy and independently associated with decreased asthma risk.The positive association between type-2 immunity to S. aureus and asthma phenotypes probably reflects IgE-mediated effector cell activation via enterotoxin super antigens which are secreted in soluble form. The contrasting benign nature of type-2 immunity to H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae antigens may reflect their lower availability in soluble forms that can crosslink IgE receptors. We theorise that instead they may be processed by antigen presenting cells and presented to type-2 memory cells leading to mucosal secretion of interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13, a mechanism widely recognised in other tissues to attenuate T-helper-1 associated bacterialinduced inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Th2-associated immunity to bacteria in teenagers and susceptibility to asthma

Hollams

Hales²,

Bachert³

et al. 2010

Eur Respir J

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“…This may be in line with observed differences in immune induction between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and the risk of childhood asthma [83]. The potential involvement of S. aureus enterotoxins (SE) in allergic diseases in early childhood by following 510 children from birth to 5 years of age was studied by Semic-Jusufagic et al [84]. SE-mix-specific IgE, (SE-A, SE-C, and TSST-1) were measured to determine SE sensitization and correlated with atopic disease.…”

Section: Intestinal S Aureus Colonization and Disease Development Inmentioning

confidence: 71%

Intestinal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: how does its frequency compare with that of nasal carriage and what is its clinical impact?

Acton¹,

Plat-Sinnige

Wamel

et al. 2008

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

214

162

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The bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, including its methicillin-resistant variant (MRSA), finds its primary ecological niche in the human nose, but is also able to colonize the intestines and the perineal region. Intestinal carriage has not been widely investigated despite its potential clinical impact. This review summarizes literature on the topic and sketches the current state of affairs from a microbiological and infectious diseases' perspective. Major findings are that the average reported detection rate of intestinal carriage in healthy individuals and patients is 20% for S. aureus and 9% for MRSA, which is approximately half of that for nasal carriage. Nasal carriage seems to predispose to intestinal carriage, but sole intestinal carriage occurs relatively frequently and is observed in 1 out of 3 intestinal carriers, which provides a rationale to include intestinal screening for surveillance or in outbreak settings. Colonization of the intestinal tract with S. aureus at a young age occurs at a high frequency and may affect the host's immune system. The frequency of intestinal carriage is generally underestimated and may significantly contribute to bacterial dissemination and subsequent risk of infections. Whether intestinal rather than nasal S. aureus carriage is a primary predictor for infections is still ill-defined.

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“…The levels of SE-specific IgE in children with eczema and wheeze are significantly increased compared to healthy 5-year-old children. Furthermore, the proportion of patients sensitized to SEs increases with increasing symptoms severity [71]. In a cohort of 1,380 teenagers, we were able to demonstrate a positive association between type 2 immunity to S. aureus and asthma phenotypes [72].…”

Section: Role Of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins In Airway Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Staphylococcal Superantigens in Airway Disease

Huvenne

Hellings

Bachert

2013

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen, which is regularly part of the normal microflora found in the nose and skin. It represents a significant threat to human health, not in the least because of its capability to produce exotoxins, which have superantigenic properties. These exotoxins, in particular the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), are known to be involved in the modulation and aggravation of airway inflammation. Indeed, recent studies show an important impact of SEs on the natural course of allergic rhinitis, nasal polyposis, asthma and COPD. This review outlines the current knowledge on the influence of SEs on airway inflammation. We highlight, in particular, the recent evidence on their role in asthma.

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Staphylococcus aureus sensitization and allergic disease in early childhood: Population-based birth cohort study

Cited by 46 publications

References 29 publications

Th2-associated immunity to bacteria in teenagers and susceptibility to asthma

Th2-associated immunity to bacteria in teenagers and susceptibility to asthma

Intestinal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: how does its frequency compare with that of nasal carriage and what is its clinical impact?

Role of Staphylococcal Superantigens in Airway Disease

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