Starch based Active Packaging Film Reinforced with Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Cellulose Nanofiber

Salehudin, Mohd Harfiz; Salleh, Eraricar; Mamat, Siti Nur Hana; Muhamad, Ida Idayu

doi:10.1016/j.proche.2014.05.004

Cited by 61 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, improved tensile modulus and strength associated with a decrease in the elongation at break of TPS when adding CNC were reported in other studies . In some cases, high CNC contents can induce a decrease in mechanical properties due to filler self‐aggregation . More marginally, increased elongation at break of TPS in the presence of CNC was also observed, and attributed to the processing method consisting in the addition of the plasticizer (sorbitol) after gelatinization of starch with CNC, and higher water content for the nanocomposite .…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Polysaccharide nanomaterial reinforced starch nanocomposites: A review

Dufresne

Castaño

2016

Starch Stärke

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Non-biodegradable materials have caused serious environmental problems due to their inappropriate discard. Biodegradable and renewable polymers (e.g., polysaccharides), when reinforced with nanostructures, have been used to produce novel, efficient and eco-friendly materials with adequate thermo-mechanical properties as alternatives to replace conventional materials. The main advantages of fillers extracted from renewable sources in comparison with inorganic fillers are their reinforcing capability, low energy consumption, high specific mechanical performance, abundance, low density, and biodegradability. Reinforcing starch with polysaccharide nanoparticles is an appealing approach since both components are polar by nature and no compatibilization is required. These characteristics make them ideal candidates for the processing of polymer nanocomposites and their use in different applications such as food packaging, medical and pharmaceutical. Acid hydrolysis is the main strategy for preparing polysaccharide nanoparticles. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the preparation, characterization and properties of starch reinforced with polysaccharide nanomaterials. Future research needs in the area of polysaccharide nanomaterials are outlined.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Polysaccharide nanomaterial reinforced starch nanocomposites: A review

Dufresne

Castaño

2016

Starch Stärke

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“…Next, they were prepared by steam explosion in autoclave and NaOH 2% at 130 0 C and the pressure was 180 kPa for 2 hours. Then, fibers were washed with distilled water until the neutral pH was reached (Saelee et al, 2016), (Salehudin et al, 2014). After that, bleaching process was conducted using sodium hypochloride solution with 6-14% of concentration (Salehudin et al, 2014).…”

Section: Isolation Of α-Cellulose From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, fibers were washed with distilled water until the neutral pH was reached (Saelee et al, 2016), (Salehudin et al, 2014). After that, bleaching process was conducted using sodium hypochloride solution with 6-14% of concentration (Salehudin et al, 2014). To separate α-cellulose from β and γ-cellulose, a dried bleached OPEFB was soaked into 17.5% NaOH at 70 °C for 2 hours.…”

Section: Isolation Of α-Cellulose From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties Optimization of Cellulose Nanofiber/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Produced by Mixing Method

Warman¹,

Gea²,

Nasution³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Seminar on Trends in Science and Science Education, AISTSSE 2018

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This research implemented a green route to multifunctional nanocomposite materials composed by cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and graphene oxide (GO). Aqueous solutions with different ratio of GO (prepared with LiCl/DMAc 8%(w / v)) were mixed with cellulose nanofiber by using magnetic stirrer at the temperature of 70 o C for 30 minutes. The mixture obtained was dried in room temperature for 24 hours. The nanocomposite were characterized with several analysis such as; Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), mechanical properties testing, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. The characteristic of cellulose nanofiber functional groups was exhibited through FTIR spectra. The CNF/GO with 0.06wt% indicated a higher mechanical properties compared to the CNF. Its tensile strength increased drastically from 26.36 MPa to 49.69 MPa while its young's modulus also showed an extreme increase from 1.379381 GPa to 6.973478 GPa respectively. Moreover, cellulose nanofiber diameter had been examined through TEM and its morphology was analyzed with SEM. Finally, it can be concluded that the celulose nanofiber mechanical properties can be optimized by graphene oxide through the mixing process.

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“…It either incorporated directly or indirectly into the film matrix. Effect of CNF incorporation into starch/chitosan composite film towards antimicrobial properties was previously studied by Salehudin et al (2014b). Starch/chitosan composite (S:C 9:1) film was prepared with starch and chitosan only while starch/ chitosan nanocomposite film (S:C 9:1 + 2 %CNF) was prepared by adding 2 % of CNF, chitosan and starch.…”

Section: Active or Antimicrobial Nanocomposite Packaging Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Nanofiber for Eco-friendly Polymer Nanocomposites

Muhamad

Salehudin

Salleh

2015

Advanced Structured Materials

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Nanocomposite is the reinforced composite material consists of nanoscale reinforcing fillers and matrix polymer. Fillers are dispersed within nanoscale and require just less amount than conventional reinforcing fillers, but the properties of composites are greatly improved. There would be only insignificant deterioration of properties in case of recycling; therefore, it is able to be an eco-friendly composite material. Recent studies show that interests in cellulose nanocomposites consists of nanocellulose fiber and matrix polymer are enhanced more and more in recent years. Especially, cellulose nanocomposites are best representative ecofriendly material as compared with nanocomposites reinforced with inorganic nanoscale fillers such as nanoclay, montmorillonite, mica, and silica. Natural filler such as cellulose nanofiber from palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) has drawn bigger attention as it promotes eco-friendly character. In current study, cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was prepared through pretreatment to remove noncellulosic content and then undergoes acid hydrolysis process. Starch-based nanocomposite film was formed by incorporation of 2-10 % CNF per weight of starch into the film matrix. The nanocomposite film that formed appears translucent and easy to handle. However, the film becomes more opaque as percentage of CNF incorporation increased. It was observed that films with the addition of up to 2 % CNF showed higher tensile strength and thermal stability, better barrier properties to water vapor than control films. Further study on the effect of CNF was carried out on Starch/ Chitosan composite packaging film to determine the influence of CNF toward antimicrobial properties of the composite film as applied packaging for perishable food. The effects of CNF contents on the tensile, dynamic mechanical and thermal properties as well as the barrier properties of the Starch/Chitosan nanocomposite

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Starch based Active Packaging Film Reinforced with Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Cellulose Nanofiber

Cited by 61 publications

References 12 publications

Polysaccharide nanomaterial reinforced starch nanocomposites: A review

Polysaccharide nanomaterial reinforced starch nanocomposites: A review

Mechanical Properties Optimization of Cellulose Nanofiber/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Produced by Mixing Method

Cellulose Nanofiber for Eco-friendly Polymer Nanocomposites

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