Starch gel electrophoresis of conifer seeds: a laboratory manual

Conkle, M. Thompson; Hodgskiss, Paul D.; Nunnally, Lucy B.; Hunter, Serena C.

doi:10.2737/psw-gtr-64

Cited by 243 publications

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“…Electrophoretic techniques were similar to those described in Conkle et al (1982). The extraction where i is a linear function of one or more factors influencing mating success.…”

Section: Mating Patterns In Knobcone Pine 253mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrophoretic techniques were similar to those described in Conkle et al (1982). The extraction (Strauss & Conkle, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mating success (i.e. fertility) of each outcross male in the neighbourhood () is assumed to follow an exponential relationship, the neighbourhood mating-pattern analysis.Electrophoretic techniques were similar to those described in Conkle et al (1982). The extraction where i is a linear function of one or more factors influencing mating success.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mating patterns and pollen dispersal in a natural knobcone pine (Pinus attenuate Lemmon.) stand

1996

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Mating system and effective pollen dispersal were studied in a natural stand of knobcone pine (Pinus attenuata Lemmon.) using 11 isozyme loci. Analyses were performed by fitting neighbourhood and mixed-mating models to multilocus genotypic arrays of offspring from four mother trees. Neighbourhoods consisted of all potential outcross males within 11 m of each mother tree (44, on average). Average outcrossing rates of the mother trees were estimated to be 0.97 and 0.96 for the respective models, whereas the population-wide outcrossing rate based on the mixed-mating model and a broader sample of mother trees was 0.92. The estimated proportion of offspring sired by males outside the neighbourhood of each mother tree was 0.56. Thus about 41 per cent of matings resulted from outcrossing with nearby males (within neighbourhoods). Distance and direction of individual males from mother trees and the size (tree height) of males played significant roles in determining outcross mating patterns within neighbourhoods. Male mating success increased with both proximity and tree size, although males east of mother trees accounted for more offspring than males in other directions.Despite the role of proximity, directionality and tree size in determining mating success within neighbourhoods, the effective number of males mating with each female seems to be large.Keywords: gene flow, mating success, mating Pinus attenuata. IntroductionMating systems and patterns of pollen dispersal play a central role in plant population genetics (Levin & Kerster, 1974;Hamrick, 1989). They influence effective population size and the degree of population subdivision resulting either from drift or differential selection. In addition, they affect levels of inbreeding and genetic structure within populations. Knowledge of mating systems and gene flow is also important for managing breeding populations (Levin & Kerster, 1974;Adams & Birkes, 1991) and for designing efficient genetic conservation strategies (Ledig, 1986;Hamrick et al., 1991 (Clegg, 1980;Brown, 1990; Mitton, 1992). Mating pattern analysis, however, has usually been restricted to estimation of parameters in the mixedmating model, which subdivides all mating events into two classes: self-fertilization and random outcrossing (Fyfe & Bailey, 1951). The mixed-mating model makes several assumptions, including that the probability of an outcross is independent of maternal genotype, and outcross pollen-pool allele frequencies are homogeneous across maternal parents (Brown et a!., 1985;Neale & Adams, 1985).Evidence in forest trees, however, indicates that these and other assumptions of the mixed-mating model are often violated (Mitton, 1992). In addition, this mating model does not describe patterns of outcross mating within populations, such as the extent to which male mating success is a function of proximity to females or pollen fecundity.Methods of estimating fertilities of individual males within populations, based on genotypic arrays 252 J. BURCZYK ETAL.of offspring of individual mothers, wer...

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“…Electrophoretic techniques were similar to those described in Conkle et al (1982). The extraction where i is a linear function of one or more factors influencing mating success.…”

Section: Mating Patterns In Knobcone Pine 253mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrophoretic techniques were similar to those described in Conkle et al (1982). The extraction (Strauss & Conkle, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mating patterns and pollen dispersal in a natural knobcone pine (Pinus attenuate Lemmon.) stand

1996

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“…The haploid megagametophytic tissue was homogenized in a grinding plate with 75 µL of 0.2 M phosphate buffer pH 7.5, 0.1% Triton X-100, 1% BSA, 3% PVP-40 and 0.1% β-mercaptoethanol for all enzyme systems (Unal 2005). The resulting homogenates were subjected to starch gel (12% starch) electrophoresis using three different buffer systems [morpholine citrate (pH 8.3), tris-borate-EDTA (pH 8.3), tris-citrate (pH 8.0)], according to slightly modified methods of Conkle et al (1982), as described in Kara et al (1997). Gels were sliced and stained for each enzyme system according to Conkle et al (1982).…”

Section: Electrophoretic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Allozyme variations in six natural populations of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in Turkey

Bilgen

Kaya

2007

Biologia

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Genetic variation in six natural populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was determined with isoenzyme analyses. For this purpose, haploid female gametophytes of seeds and horizontal starch gel electrophoresis technique were used. A total of 17 loci and 58 alleles were observed in studying 10 enzyme systems. The average proportion of polymorphic loci for populations ranged from 58.8% to 70.6%. The average number of alleles per locus per population was 2.65. The mean estimated expected heterozygosity (He) of populations was 0.294. A rather high proportion of genetic diversity (96.4%) was due to within-population variation and the remaining (3.6%) was due to variation among populations. The level of gene flow (Nem) was found to be 6.69 per generation. Nei's genetic distance coefficient ranged from 0.006 to 0.027 (mean 0.017) among all possible population pairs. The mean value of Nei's genetic distance is similar to the values reported for other European Scots pine populations. The low mean value of Nei's genetic distance among populations is enough to explain low interpopulation variation. According to genetic variation parameters, three out of six populations (Akdagmadeni-Yozgat, Refahiye-Erzincan and Vezirkopru-Samsun) appear to be preferable populations for genetic conservation and forest tree breeding programs.

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“…(1984), Conkle et al (1982) and Vallejos (1983 Zanetto et al, 1996) showed that these enzymes were encoded by eight loci (Acp-C, Aap-A, Dia-A, Got-B, Lap-A, Mr-A, Pgi-B, Pgm-A) among which linkage has been detected ( Table 1). Because full-sib families were not available to analyse linkage in all the 28 pairs of loci in Quercus petraea (MUllerStarck et al, 1996), we added the linkage data available in Quercus robur (Zanetto et a!., 1996).…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical structure of gene diversity in Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. II: Multilocus patterns of variation

Kremer¹,

Zanetto²

1997

Heredity

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INRA, Laboratoire c/a genetique et d'amélioration des arbres forestiers, UP 45, 33611 Gazinet Cedex, France Two-locus composite disequilibria were estimated for all 28 pairs of loci (from eight loci) in 81 populations of Quercus petraea spread over the natural distribution of the species. Significant disequilibria were found in almost all populations for two pairs (Aap-A/Lap-A, Mr-A/Dia-A) that have also shown strong linkage in cosegregation analysis. These pairs belong to the so-called complex loci producing nearly identical gene products and that are tightly linked. Significant disequilibria were also found for other pairs of loci that are linked to a smaller degree. The amount of disequilibrium followed a geographical pattern. The number of pairs showing significant disequilibria per population was higher on the edges of the natural range (Norway, Great Britain, Turkey). Disequilibria for the two pairs (Aap-A/Lap-A, Mr-AIDia-A) were also higher at the edges of the distribution and were correlated with longitude. Population differentiation resulting from the associations of alleles at different loci was increased when the correlations of allele frequencies at the within-and between-population level were of different magnitude. It is suspected that correlations at the between-population level may arise from historical causes rather than gametic disequilibrium. Finally, the first canonical variate (multivariate score) including allelic frequencies of all eight loci follows a strong longitudinal pattern of variation.

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Starch gel electrophoresis of conifer seeds: a laboratory manual

Cited by 243 publications

References 0 publications

Mating patterns and pollen dispersal in a natural knobcone pine (Pinus attenuate Lemmon.) stand

Mating patterns and pollen dispersal in a natural knobcone pine (Pinus attenuate Lemmon.) stand

Allozyme variations in six natural populations of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in Turkey

Geographical structure of gene diversity in Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. II: Multilocus patterns of variation

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